Abstract
Solid state refrigeration based on caloric effect is regarded as a potential candidate for replacing vapor-compression refrigeration. Numerous methods have been proposed to optimize the refrigeration properties of caloric materials, of which single field tuning as a relatively simple way has been systemically studied. However, single field tuning with few tunable parameters usually obtains an excellent performance in one specific aspect at the cost of worsening the performance in other aspects, like attaining a large caloric effect with narrowing the transition temperature range and introducing hysteresis. Because of the shortcomings of the caloric effect driven by a single field, multifield tuning on multicaloric materials that have a coupling between different ferro-orders came into view. This review mainly focuses on recent studies that apply this method to improve the cooling performance of materials, consisting of enlarging caloric effects, reducing hysteresis losses, adjusting transition temperatures, and widening transition temperature spans, which indicate that further progress can be made in the application of this method. Furthermore, research on the sign of lattice and spin contributions to the magnetocaloric effect found new phonon evolution mechanisms, calling for more attention on multicaloric effects. Other progress including improving cyclability of FeRh alloys by introducing second phases and realizing a large reversible barocaloric effect by hybridizing carbon chains and inorganic groups is described in brief.
References
Gschneidner K A Jr, Pecharsky V K, Tsokol A O. Recent developments in magnetocaloric materials. Reports on Progress in Physics, 2005, 68(6): 1479–1539
Franco V, Blazquez J S, Ipus J J, et al. Magnetocaloric effect: From materials research to refrigeration devices. Progress in Materials Science, 2018, 93: 112–232
Shen B G, Sun J R, Hu F X, et al. Recent progress in exploring magnetocaloric materials. Advanced Materials, 2009, 21(45): 4545–4564
Zheng X Q, Shen B G. The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects in binary R-T (R = Pr, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm; T = Ga, Ni, Co, Cu) intermetallic compounds. Chinese Physics B, 2017, 26(2): 027501
Li L, Yan M. Recent progress in the development of RE2TMTM’ O6 double perovskite oxides for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2023, 136: 1–12
Zhang Y, Tian Y, Zhang Z, et al. Magnetic properties and giant cryogenic magnetocaloric effect in B-site ordered antiferromagnetic Gd2MgTiO6 double perovskite oxide. Acta Materialia, 2022, 226: 117669
Zhang Y, Zhu J, Li S, et al. Magnetic properties and promising magnetocaloric performances in the antiferromagnetic GdFe2Si2 compound. Science China Materials, 2022, 65(5): 1345–1352
Zhang Y K, Wu J H, He J, et al. Solutions to obstacles in the commercialization of room-temperature magnetic refrigeration. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021, 143: 110933
Li L W, Yan M. Recent progresses in exploring the rare earth based intermetallic compounds for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 823: 153810
Gao F, Sheng J, Ren W, et al. Incommensurate spin density wave and magnetocaloric effect in the metallic triangular lattice HoAl2Ge2. Physical Review. B, 2022, 106(13): 134426
Neese B, Chu B, Lu S G, et al. Large electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric polymers near room temperature. Science, 2008, 321(5890): 821–823
Qian X S, Han D L, Zheng L R, et al. High-entropy polymer produces a giant electrocaloric effect at low fields. Nature, 2021, 600(7890): 664–669
Ma R, Zhang Z, Tong K, et al. Highly efficient electrocaloric cooling with electrostatic actuation. Science, 2017, 357(6356): 1130–1134
Greco A, Masselli C. Electrocaloric cooling: A review of the thermodynamic cycles, materials, models, and devices. Magnetochemistry (Basel, Switzerland), 2020, 6(4): 67
Chen Y Q, Qian J F, Yu J Y, et al. An all-scale hierarchical architecture induces colossal room-temperature electrocaloric effect at ultralow electric field in polymer nanocomposites. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(30): 1907927
Niu X, Jian X D, Gong W P, et al. Field-driven merging of polarizations and enhanced electrocaloric effect in BaTiO3-based lead-free ceramics. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2022, 11(11): 1777–1788
Zou K L, Shao C C, Bai P J, et al. Giant room-temperature electrocaloric effect of polymer-ceramic composites with orientated BaSrTiO3 nanofibers. Nano Letters, 2022, 22(16): 6560–6566
Tušek J, Engelbrecht K, Eriksen D, et al. A regenerative elastocaloric heat pump. Nature Energy, 2016, 1(10): 16134
Zhao Z, Guo W, Zhang Z. Room-temperature colossal elastocaloric effects in three-dimensional graphene architectures: an atomistic study. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(42): 2203866
Dang P, Ye F, Zhou Y, et al. Low-fatigue and large room-temperature elastocaloric effect in a bulk Ti49.2Ni40.8Cu10 alloy. Acta Materialia, 2022, 229: 117802
Li D, Li Z, Zhang X, et al. Giant elastocaloric effect in Ni-Mn-Ga-based alloys boosted by a large lattice volume change upon the Martensitic transformation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(1): 1505–1518
Mañosa L, Planes A. Materials with giant mechanocaloric effects: Cooling by strength. Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(11): 1603607
Moya X, Mathur N D. Caloric materials for cooling and heating. Science, 2020, 370(6518): 797–803
Li B, Kawakita Y, Ohira-Kawamura S, et al. Colossal barocaloric effects in plastic crystals. Nature, 2019, 567(7749): 506–510
Li F B, Li M, Xu X, et al. Understanding colossal barocaloric effects in plastic crystals. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 4190
Lin J, Tong P, Zhang X, et al. Giant room-temperature barocaloric effect at the electronic phase transition in Ni1−xFexS. Materials Horizons, 2020, 7(10): 2690–2695
Zhang K, Song R, Qi J, et al. Colossal barocaloric effect in carboranes as a performance tradeoff. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(20): 2112622
Ren Q, Qi J, Yu D, et al. Ultrasensitive barocaloric material for room-temperature solid-state refrigeration. Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 2293
Romanini M, Wang Y, Gurpinar K, et al. Giant and reversible barocaloric effect in trinuclear spin-crossover complex Fe3(bntrz)6(tcnset)6. Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(10): 2008076
Aznar A, Negrier P, Planes A, et al. Reversible colossal barocaloric effects near room temperature in 1-X-adamantane (X = Cl, Br) plastic crystals. Applied Materials Today, 2021, 23: 101023
Imamura W, Usuda E O, Paixao L S, et al. Supergiant barocaloric effects in acetoxy silicone rubber over a wide temperature range: Great potential for solid-state cooling. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2020, 38(9): 999–1005
Aznar A, Lloveras P, Barrio M, et al. Reversible and irreversible colossal barocaloric effects in plastic crystals. Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2020, 8(2): 639–647
Gao Y, Liu H, Hu F, et al. Reversible colossal barocaloric effect dominated by disordering of organic chains in (CH3-(CH2)n−1-NH3)2MnCl4 single crystals. NPG Asia Materials, 2022, 14(1): 34
Pecharsky V K, Gschneidner K A Jr. Giant magnetocaloric effect in Gd5(Si2Ge2). Physical Review Letters, 1997, 78(23): 4494–4497
Pecharsky V K, Gschneidner K A Jr. Effect of alloying on the giant magnetocaloric effect of Gd5(Si2Ge2). Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 1997, 167(3): L179–L184
Nikitin S A, Myalikgulyev G, Tishin A M, et al. The magnetocaloric effect in FE49RH51 compound. Physics Letters. [Part A], 1990, 148(6–7): 363–366
Annaorazov M P, Nikitin S A, Tyurin A L, et al. Anomalously high entropy change in FeRh alloy. Journal of Applied Physics, 1996, 79(3): 1689–1695
Hu F X, Shen B G, Sun J R, et al. Influence of negative lattice expansion and metamagnetic transition on magnetic entropy change in the compound LaFe11.4Si1.6. Applied Physics Letters, 2001, 78(23): 3675–3677
de Oliveira N A. Giant magnetocaloric and barocaloric effects in R5Si2Ge2 (R = Tb, Gd). Journal of Applied Physics, 2013, 113(3): 033910
Hu F X, Shen B G, Sun J R, et al. Great magnetic entropy change in La(Fe, M)13 (M = Si, Al) with Co do**. Chinese Physics (Bei**g), 2000, 9(7): 550–553
Fujita A, Fujieda S, Hasegawa Y, et al. Itinerant-electron metamagnetic transition and large magnetocaloric effects in La(FexSi1−x)13 compounds and their hydrides. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter, 2003, 67(10): 104416
Wada H, Tanabe Y. Giant magnetocaloric effect of MnAs1−xSbx. Applied Physics Letters, 2001, 79(20): 3302–3304
Ul Hassan N, Shah I A, Khan T, et al. Magnetostructural transformation and magnetocaloric effect in Mn48−xVxNi42Sn10 ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. Chinese Physics B, 2018, 27(3): 037504
Yang H, Liu J, Li C, et al. Ferromagnetism and magnetostructural coupling in V-doped MnNiGe alloys. Chinese Physics B, 2018, 27(10): 107502
Bao L F, Huang W D, Ren Y J. Tuning martensitic phase transition by non-magnetic atom vacancy in MnCoGe alloys and related giant magnetocaloric effect. Chinese Physics Letters, 2016, 33(7): 077502
Zhang H, **ng C F, Long K W, et al. Linear dependence of magnetocaloric effect on magnetic field in Mn0.6Fe0.4NiSi0.5Ge0.5 and Ni50Mn34Co2Sn14 with first-order magnetostructural transformation. Acta Physics Sinica, 2018, 67(20): 207501 (in Chinese)
Zhang B, Zheng X Q, Zhao T Y, et al. Machine learning technique for prediction of magnetocaloric effect in La(Fe, Si/Al)13-based materials. Chinese Physics B, 2018, 27(6): 067503
Castillo-Villa P O, Soto-Parra D E, Matutes-Aquino J A, et al. Caloric effects induced by magnetic and mechanical fields in a Ni50Mn25−xGa25Cox magnetic shape memory alloy. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2011, 83(17): 174109
Hao J Z, Hu F X, Yu Z B, et al. Multicaloric and coupled-caloric effects. Chinese Physics B, 2020, 29(4): 047504
Pecharsky V K, Gschneidner K A Jr. Phase relationships and crystallography in the pseudobinary system Gd5Si4-Gd5Ge4. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 1997, 260(1–2): 98–106
Hu F X, Gao J, Qian X L, et al. Magnetocaloric effect in itinerant electron metamagnetic systems La(Fe1−xCox)11.9Si1.1. Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, 97(10): 10M303
Wada H, Matsuo S, Mitsuda A. Pressure dependence of magnetic entropy change and magnetic transition in MnAs1−xSbx. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2009, 79(9): 092407
Liu E, Wang W, Feng L, et al. Stable magnetostructural coupling with tunable magnetoresponsive effects in hexagonal ferromagnets. Nature Communications, 2012, 3(1): 873
Zhao Y Y, Hu F X, Bao L F, et al. Giant negative thermal expansion in bonded MnCoGe-based compounds with Ni2In-type hexagonal structure. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015, 137(5): 1746–1749
Johnson V. Diffusionless orthorhombic to hexagonal transitions in ternary silicides and germanides. Inorganic Chemistry, 1975, 14(5): 1117–1120
Anzai S, Ozawa K. Coupled nature of magnetic and structural transition in MnNiGe under pressure. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter, 1978, 18(5): 2173–2178
Łażewski J, Piekarz P, Tobola J, et al. Phonon mechanism of the magnetostructural phase transition in MnAs. Physical Review Letters, 2010, 104(14): 147205
Jia L, Liu G J, Sun J R, et al. Entropy changes associated with the first-order magnetic transition in LaFe13−xSix. Journal of Applied Physics, 2006, 100(12): 123904
Gruner M E, Keune W, Roldan Cuenya B, et al. Element-resolved thermodynamics of magnetocaloric LaFe13−xSix. Physical Review Letters, 2015, 114(5): 057202
Landers J, Salamon S, Keune W, et al. Determining the vibrational entropy change in the giant magnetocaloric material LaFe11.6Si1.4 by nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Physical Review. B, 2018, 98(2): 024417
Bao L F, Hu F X, Wu R R, et al. Evolution of magnetostructural transition and magnetocaloric effect with Al do** in MnCoGe1−xAlx compounds. Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics, 2014, 47(5): 055003
Li B, Ren W J, Zhang Q, et al. Magnetostructural coupling and magnetocaloric effect in Ni-Mn-In. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 95(17): 172506
von Ranke P J, de Oliveira N A, Mello C, et al. Analytical model to understand the colossal magnetocaloric effect. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2005, 71(5): 054410
Hao J, Hu F, Wang J T, et al. Large enhancement of magnetocaloric and barocaloric effects by hydrostatic pressure in La(Fe0.92Co0.08)11.9Si1.1 with a NaZn13-type structure. Chemistry of Materials, 2020, 32(5): 1807–1818
Hao J Z, Hu F X, Yu Z B, et al. The sign of lattice and spin entropy change in the giant magnetocaloric materials with negative lattice expansions. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2020, 512: 166983
Gschneidner K A Jr, Mudryk Y, Pecharsky V K. On the nature of the magnetocaloric effect of the first-order magnetostructural transition. Scripta Materialia, 2012, 67(6): 572–577
Pecharsky V K, Gschneidner K A Jr. Tunable magnetic regenerator alloys with a giant magnetocaloric effect for magnetic refrigeration from ∼20 to ∼290 K. Applied Physics Letters, 1997, 70(24): 3299–3301
Pecharsky V K, Pecharsky A O, Gschneidner K A Jr. Uncovering the structure-property relationships in R5(SixGe4−x) intermetallic phases. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2002, 344(1–2): 362–368
Hao J Z, Hu F X, Zhou H B, et al. Large enhancement of magnetocaloric effect driven by hydrostatic pressure in HoCuSi compound. Scripta Materialia, 2020, 186: 84–88
Oleś A, Duraj R, Kolenda M, et al. Magnetic properties of DyCuSi and HoCuSi studied by neutron diffraction and magnetic measurements. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2004, 363(1–2): 63–67
Gong Y Y, Wang D H, Cao Q Q, et al. Electric field control of the magnetocaloric effect. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(5): 801–805
Liu J, Gottschall T, Skokov K P, et al. Giant magnetocaloric effect driven by structural transitions. Nature Materials, 2012, 11(7): 620–626
Qiao K, Hu F, Liu Y, et al. Novel reduction of hysteresis loss controlled by strain memory effect in FeRh/PMN-PT heterostructures. Nano Energy, 2019, 59: 285–294
Zhang H, Armstrong A, Müllner P. Effects of surface modifications on the fatigue life of unconstrained Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals in a rotating magnetic field. Acta Materialia, 2018, 155: 175–186
Mañosa L, Gonzalez-Alonso D, Planes A, et al. Giant solid-state barocaloric effect in the Ni-Mn-In magnetic shape-memory alloy. Nature Materials, 2010, 9(6): 478–481
Pecharsky A O, Gschneidner K A Jr, Pecharsky V K. The giant magnetocaloric effect between 190 and 300 K in the Gd5SixGe4−x alloys for 1.4 ⩽ x ⩽ 2.2. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2003, 267(1): 60–68
Stern-Taulats E, Planes A, Lloveras P, et al. Barocaloric and magnetocaloric effects in Fe49Rh51. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2014, 89(21): 214105
Nikitin S A, Myalikgulyev G, Annaorazov M P, et al. Giant elastocaloric effect in FeRh alloy. Physics Letters. [Part A], 1992, 171(3–4): 234–236
Biswas A, Chandra S, Phan M H, et al. Magnetocaloric properties of nanocrystalline LaMnO3: Enhancement of refrigerant capacity and relative cooling power. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2012, 545: 157–161
Qiao K, Wang J, Hu F, et al. Regulation of phase transition and magnetocaloric effect by ferroelectric domains in FeRh/PMN-PT heterojunctions. Acta Materialia, 2020, 191: 51–59
Provenzano V, Shapiro A J, Shull R D. Reduction of hysteresis losses in the magnetic refrigerant Gd5Ge2Si2 by the addition of iron. Nature, 2004, 429(6994): 853–857
Lyubina J, Schäfer R, Martin N, et al. Novel design of La(Fe, Si)13 alloys towards high magnetic refrigeration performance. Advanced Materials, 2010, 22(33): 3735–3739
Stern-Taulats E, Castan T, Planes A, et al. Giant multicaloric response of bulk Fe49Rh51. Physical Review. B, 2017, 95(10): 104424
Kübler J, William A R, Sommers C B. Formation and coupling of magnetic moments in Heusler alloys. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter, 1983, 28(4): 1745–1755
Sharma V K, Chattopadhyay M K, Roy S B. The effect of external pressure on the magnetocaloric effect of Ni-Mn-In alloy. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 2011, 23(36): 366001
Liang F X, Hao J Z, Shen F R, et al. Experimental study on coupled caloric effect driven by dual fields in metamagnetic Heusler alloy Ni50Mn35In15. APL Materials, 2019, 7(5): 051102
Qiao K, Wang J, Zuo S, et al. Enhanced performance of ΔTad upon frequent alternating magnetic fields in FeRh alloys by introducing second phases. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(16): 18293–18301
Aliev A M, Batdalov A B, Khanov L N, et al. Reversible magnetocaloric effect in materials with first order phase transitions in cyclic magnetic fields: Fe48Rh52 and Sm0.6Sr0.4MnO3. Applied Physics Letters, 2016, 109(20): 202407
Zverev V I, Saletsky A M, Gimaev R R, et al. Influence of structural defects on the magnetocaloric effect in the vicinity of the first order magnetic transition in Fe50.4Rh49.6. Applied Physics Letters, 2016, 108(19): 192405
Khaykovich B, Zeldov E, Majer D, et al. Vortex-lattice phase transitions in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 crystals with different oxygen stoichiometry. Physical Review Letters, 1996, 76(14): 2555–2558
Chang K, Feng W, Chen L Q. Effect of second-phase particle morphology on grain growth kinetics. Acta Materialia, 2009, 57(17): 5229–5236
Tang X, Li J, Sepehri-Amin H, et al. Improved coercivity and squareness in bulk hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets by two-step eutectic grain boundary diffusion process. Acta Materialia, 2021, 203: 116479
Aliev A M, Batdalov A B, Khanov L N, et al. Magnetocaloric effect in some magnetic materials in alternating magnetic fields up to 22 Hz. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 676: 601–605
Seo J, McGillicuddy R D, Slavney A H, et al. Colossal barocaloric effects with ultralow hysteresis in two-dimensional metal-halide perovskites. Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 2536
Li J, Barrio M, Dunstan D J, et al. Colossal reversible barocaloric effects in layered hybrid perovskite (C10H21NH3)2MnCl4 under low pressure near room temperature. Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 31(46): 2105154
Aznar A, Lloveras P, Romanini M, et al. Giant barocaloric effects over a wide temperature range in superionic conductor AgI. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(1): 1851
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2020YFA0711502, 2021YFB3501202, 2019YFA0704900, 2018YFA0305704, and 2022YFB3505201), the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52088101, U1832219, 51971240, and 52101228), and the Strategic Priority Research Program B (Grant No. XDB33030200) and the Key Research Program (Grant Nos. ZDRW-CN-2021-3, 112111KYSB20180013) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lin, Y., Hao, J., Qiao, K. et al. Phase transition regulation and caloric effect. Front. Energy 17, 463–477 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-023-0860-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-023-0860-1