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In vitro Scolicidal Efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil and Radiation Against Protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato

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Abstract

Purpose

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a globally distributed zoonosis. CE treatment is difficult, but radiation and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) can be effective. However, the combination of radiation and 5-FU has not been reported. This study evaluated the effect of combination of 5-FU and radiation on E. granulosus s.l. protoscoleces (PSCs).

Material and Methods

In this study, PSCs were collected from the liver of diseased sheep, and some were exposed to a single dose of 20 Gy 6-MV X-ray combined with (5 μg/mL or 10 μg/mL) 5-FU in vitro. Methylene blue staining was used to detect the viability of the PSCs. Transcription of EgHSP70 and Egp38 was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT- PCR).

Results

A single dose of radiation killed 18% of the PSCs, and 5-FU showed weak parasiticidal efficacy on the first day of treatment. After 14 d, 5 μg and 10 μg/mL of 5-FU killed 40.20% and 50.02% of the PSCs, whereas 20 Gy of radiation killed 31.44%. The combination of 5-FU (10 μg/mL) with 20 Gy of radiation showed 77.55% killing efficacy. qRT-PCR showed that 5-FU inhibited Egp38 expression, whereas radiation increased its expression. EgHSP70 was highly expressed 14 days after radiation treatment. The data indicate that 5-FU has parasiticidal efficacy against the PSCs of E. granulosus s.l.

Conclusion

The lethal efficacy of PSCs caused by a single dose of radiation exposure is related to the upregulated expression level of Egp38 and EgHSP70. The killing effect of 5-FU (10 μg/mL) with 20Gy of radiation was significantly better than that of single treatment group. This study provided a basis for the potential role of 5-FU combined with radiation in the treatment of CE.

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Funding

The project was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81860360, 81860556).

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Author notes

  1. Pengfei Lu and Jun Li have contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of ** Yang, Qin Zhou & Yongxing Bao

  2. Department of Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of **njiang Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, No. 137 of Li Yushan Street, **nshi District, Urumqi, 830011, China

    Jun Li, Mengxiao Tian & Wenbao Zhang

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  1. Pengfei Lu
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  3. Rui Mao
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Correspondence to Wenbao Zhang or Yongxing Bao.

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The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.This study was conducted with approval from the Ethics Committee of our Hospital Protocol numbers (20180223-81 and IACUC-20180223-64).

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Lu, P., Li, J., Mao, R. et al. In vitro Scolicidal Efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil and Radiation Against Protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato. Acta Parasit. 67, 820–826 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-022-00518-4

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