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A multivariate pattern analysis of resting-state functional MRI data in Naïve and chronic betel quid chewers

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Abstract

Betel quid (BQ) is the fourth most commonly consumed psychoactive substance in the world. However, comprehensive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies exploring the neurophysiological mechanism of BQ addiction are lacking. Betel-quid-dependent (BQD) individuals (n = 24) and age-matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 26) underwent fMRI before and after chewing BQ. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to explore the acute effects of BQ-chewing in both groups. A cross-sectional comparison was conducted to explore the chronic effects of BQ-chewing. Regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between altered circuits of BQD individuals and the severity of BQ addiction. MVPA achieved classification accuracies of up to 90% in both groups for acute BQ-chewing. Suppression of the default-mode network was the most prominent feature. BQD showed more extensive and intensive within- and between-network dysconnectivity of the default, frontal-parietal, and occipital regions associated with high-order brain functions such as self-awareness, inhibitory control, and decision-making. In contrast, the chronic effects of BQ on the brain function were mild, but impaired circuits were predominately located in the default and frontal-parietal networks which might be associated with compulsive drug use. Simultaneously quantifying the effects of both chronic and acute BQ exposure provides a possible neuroimaging-based BQ addiction foci. Results from this study may help us understand the neural mechanisms involved in BQ-chewing and BQ dependence.

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Acknowledgements

Zhening Liu is supported by the China Precision Medicine initiative grant (No. 2016YFC0906300) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant (No.81561168021). Shuixia Guo is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant (No.11671129, 31671134). All the work of the study was done by the authors. The authors were responsible for the authenticity of the data and related results.

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  1. Zeqiang Linli and **aojun Huang contributed equally to this work.

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  1. MOE-LCSM, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China

    Zeqiang Linli & Shuixia Guo

  2. Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China

    Zeqiang Linli & Shuixia Guo

  3. Mental Health Institute of the Second **angya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

    **aojun Huang, Zhening Liu & Adellah Sariah

  4. Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Hubert Kairuki Memorial University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

    Adellah Sariah

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Linli, Z., Huang, X., Liu, Z. et al. A multivariate pattern analysis of resting-state functional MRI data in Naïve and chronic betel quid chewers. Brain Imaging and Behavior 15, 1222–1234 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00322-6

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