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A Highly Sensitive Long-Range Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for the Determination of Hemoglobin Content in Human Blood

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Abstract

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor with Kretschmann configuration and wide-range detection capability for measuring hemoglobin content in human blood has been proposed. The biosensor utilizes BK7 prism/Ag/α-SnSe/Ag/graphene architecture to detect hemoglobin concentration in human blood samples. The graphene layer was incorporated into the original structure to enhance the sensitivity of the device. Furthermore, layers were optimized, and the transfer matrix method determined the device’s reflectance. A high sensitivity of 184 degree.RIU−1 was obtained for the original structure, which increased to 187 degree.RIU−1 after including one graphene layer at a refractive index (RI) of 1.34 and 1.37. It was also found that incorporating more graphene layers enhanced the selectivity further, which came at the expense of compromising the quality factor.

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No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Funding

The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University for funding this work under the Research Groups Funding program grant code (NU/RG/SERC/12/7).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Material Science and Engineering, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India

    Debashish Pal

  2. Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani & Ahmad Alzahrani

  3. IBM CIC, Leicester, UK

    Soumee Das

  4. University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India

    Amrindra Pal

  5. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246194, India

    Manoj Kumar

  6. Department of Electronics and Communication Eng. Institute of Technology Gopeshwar (A Campus Institute of VMSB, Uttarakhand Technical University), Chamoli, Uttarakhand, 246424, India

    Arun Uniyal

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Contributions

Debashish Pal: conceptualization (equal) and writing—review and editing (equal); Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani: methodology (equal) and writing—review and editing (equal); Soumee Das: investigation (equal) and methodology (equal); Amrindra Pal: investigation (equal) and methodology (equal); Manoj Kumar: formal analysis (equal) and response to review comment preparation; Arun Uniyal: formal analysis (equal) and methodology (equal); Ahmad Alzahrani: supervision (lead) and investigation.

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Correspondence to Amrindra Pal.

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Not applicable. The work presented in this manuscript is mathematical modeling only for the proposed biosensor. No experiment was performed on the human body and living organisms/animals. So, ethical approval from an ethical committee is not required.

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Pal, D., Almawgani, A.H.M., Das, S. et al. A Highly Sensitive Long-Range Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for the Determination of Hemoglobin Content in Human Blood. Plasmonics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02243-2

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