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Black hole images: A review

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Abstract

In recent years, unprecedented progress has been achieved regarding black holes’ observation through the electromagnetic channel. The images of the supermassive black holes M87* and Sgr A* released by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration provided direct visual evidence for their existence, which has stimulated further studies on various aspects of the compact celestial objects. Moreover, the information stored in these images provides a new way to understand the pertinent physical processes that occurred near the black holes, to test alternative theories of gravity, and to furnish insight into fundamental physics. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent developments on the topic. In particular, we elaborate on the features and formation mechanism of black hole shadows, the properties of black hole images illuminated by the surrounding thin accretion disk, and the corresponding polarization patterns. The potential applications of the relevant studies are also addressed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China

    Songbai Chen & Jiliang **g

  2. Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China

    Songbai Chen, Jiliang **g, Wei-Liang Qian & Bin Wang

  3. Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 12602-810, Brazil

    Wei-Liang Qian

  4. Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, 12516-410, Brazil

    Wei-Liang Qian

  5. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Bin Wang

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  2. Jiliang **g
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Correspondence to Songbai Chen.

Additional information

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12035005, 12275078, and 11875026). We would like to thank Profs. Carlos Herdeiro and Jieci Wang for their useful comments and suggestions.

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Chen, S., **g, J., Qian, WL. et al. Black hole images: A review. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 66, 260401 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-022-2059-5

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