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Molecular characterization of organic matter transformation mediated by microorganisms under anoxic/hypoxic conditions

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Abstract

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean is one of the largest carbon pools on Earth. Microbial metabolism is an important process that shapes the marine DOM pool. Current studies on the interactions between microorganisms and DOM focus mainly on oxic environments. Few studies have addressed the molecular characteristics of DOM in microbial-mediated transformation under anoxic/hypoxic conditions. As a result of deteriorating water quality due to eutrophication and global warming, anoxia occurs frequently in coastal waters. In this study, we performed an experiment to investigate changes in microbial community responses and the molecular characteristics of DOM in microbial-mediated transformation under hypoxic conditions. We compared microbial-mediated DOM transformation at different dissolved oxygen levels (7, 5, and 2 mg L −1) and in different media (natural and artificial seawater with and without laminarin). We also investigated differences in DOM composition between groups using spectroscopic analysis and ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The results showed decreased microbial metabolic activity and delayed community succession at low oxygen (⩽2 mg L −1) in natural seawater supplemented with laminarin. The growth of strictly aerobic bacteria such as Pseudomonadaceae and Sphingomonadaceae was inhibited and the total organic carbon utilization rate was reduced by 36.9–6.7% from 4 to 32 days. Moreover, tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like components were preserved, while DOM humification and modified aromaticity index were significantly reduced under low oxygen conditions. This experiment provides justification for further study of the processes and mechanisms of improved labile DOM preservation in anoxic estuarine and coastal waters.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2021QZKK0102), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42222604, 42188102, 92251306, 42141003, 41861144018 and 42106040), and the President’s Fund of **amen University (Grant Nos. 20720170107 and 20720210076).

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  1. Contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, **amen University, **amen, 361102, China

    Shicong **ao, Jiaxin Chen, Yuan Shen, Qi Chen, Ruanhong Cai, Nianzhi Jiao & Qiang Zheng

  2. Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, **amen, 361102, China

    Shicong **ao, Jiaxin Chen, Qi Chen, Yu Wang, Ruanhong Cai, Nianzhi Jiao & Qiang Zheng

  3. College of Environment and Ecology, **amen University, **amen, 361102, China

    Yu Wang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Bei**g, 102249, China

    Yunyun Li, Chen He & Quan Shi

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  1. Shicong **ao
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  2. Jiaxin Chen
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  3. Yuan Shen
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  9. Quan Shi
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  10. Nianzhi Jiao
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  11. Qiang Zheng
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Correspondence to Nianzhi Jiao or Qiang Zheng.

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**ao, S., Chen, J., Shen, Y. et al. Molecular characterization of organic matter transformation mediated by microorganisms under anoxic/hypoxic conditions. Sci. China Earth Sci. 66, 894–909 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1080-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1080-8

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