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PIM-Align: A Processing-in-Memory Architecture for FM-Index Search Algorithm

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Abstract

Genomic sequence alignment is the most critical and time-consuming step in genomic analysis. Alignment algorithms generally follow a seed-and-extend model. Acceleration of the extension phase for sequence alignment has been well explored in computing-centric architectures on field-programmable gate array (FPGA), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and graphics processing unit (GPU) (e.g., the Smith-Waterman algorithm). Compared with the extension phase, the seeding phase is more critical and essential. However, the seeding phase is bounded by memory, i.e., fine-grained random memory access and limited parallelism on conventional system. In this paper, we argue that the processing-in-memory (PIM) concept could be a viable solution to address these problems. This paper describes “PIM-Align”—application-driven near-data processing architecture for sequence alignment. In order to achieve memory-capacity proportional performance by taking advantage of 3D-stacked dynamic random access memory (DRAM) technology, we propose a lightweight message mechanism between different memory partitions, and a specialized hardware prefetcher for memory access patterns of sequence alignment. Our evaluation shows that the proposed architecture can achieve 20x and 1 820x speedup when compared with the best available ASIC implementation and the software running on 32-thread CPU, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 100190, China

    Xue-Qi Li, Guang-Ming Tan & Ning-Hui Sun

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 100049, China

    Xue-Qi Li, Guang-Ming Tan & Ning-Hui Sun

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  1. Xue-Qi Li
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Correspondence to Xue-Qi Li.

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Li, XQ., Tan, GM. & Sun, NH. PIM-Align: A Processing-in-Memory Architecture for FM-Index Search Algorithm. J. Comput. Sci. Technol. 36, 56–70 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-020-0825-3

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