Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of zinc on the hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal-liver (HPGL) axis of the bagrid catfish Mystus vittatus. Female fish (pre-ovulatory and ovulatory phases) were exposed to zinc sulphate at 1/10th of LC50 (5.62 mg/L) for 60 days and sacrificed at every 15-day interval to collect tissues. Zinc concentration in all tissues was significantly higher in the metal-exposed group at all exposure durations compared to control for both phases. Metallothionein (MT) levels increased in the brain, liver and ovary of fish from both phases with exposure duration. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the brain, liver and ovary tissues increased with exposure duration at both reproductive phases while serum cortisol levels in ovulatory fish increased significantly compared to pre-ovulatory. Condition factor, gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index decreased in Zn-exposed fish. Brain GnRH and kisspeptin levels decreased significantly in the Zn-exposed group for both phases. GnIH was significantly higher in Zn-exposed fish. Serum FSH levels in pre-ovulatory and LH levels in ovulatory fish decreased gradually with an increase in the duration of exposure. Zn exposure reduced vitellogenin (Vtg) and estradiol (E2) in the liver and ovary with an increase in duration from both phases. Ovary maturation-inducing hormone (MIH) levels showed a decrease with exposure duration in ovulatory fish. Moreover, Zn-exposed ovulatory fish showed a degenerated oocyte nucleus due to the disintegration of the nuclear membrane. It might be inferred that Zn altered the HPGL regulatory system of M. vittatus reproduction at both the pre-ovulatory and ovulatory phases.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- HPGL axis:
-
Hypothalamo-Pituitary–Gonadal-Liver axis
- ZnSO4 :
-
Zinc sulphate
- ROS:
-
Reactive Oxygen species
- KF :
-
Fulton's condition factor
- GSI:
-
Gonadosomatic Index
- HSI:
-
Hepatosomatic index
- MT:
-
Metallothionein
- GnRH:
-
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
- GnIH:
-
Gonadotropin Inhibitory Hormone
- FSH:
-
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
- LH:
-
Luteinizing Hormone
- Vtg:
-
Vitellogenin
- E2:
-
Estradiol
- MIH:
-
Maturation-Inducing Hormone
- AAS:
-
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
- DCFDA:
-
2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate
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Kumar, S., Das, D., Sarbajna, A. et al. Zinc modulates hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal-liver axis to impair reproduction in female Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794). Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 42212–42229 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33884-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33884-9