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Environmental impacts and performance assessment of recycled fine aggregate concrete

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Abstract

Natural disasters and human demolition create vast amounts of construction and demolition waste (CDW), with a substantial portion being concrete waste. Managing this concrete waste is a daunting challenge for develo** countries with limited resources, aiming to mitigate its harmful environmental effects. Therefore, the proposed approach involves using recycled fine aggregates (RFA) instead of fresh fine aggregates (FFA) in concrete, which aligns closely with achieving sustainable environmental objectives. Extensive laboratory tests were conducted to assess the effects of adding RFA to concrete. The influence of 0 to 100% RFA replacement and different curing times was investigated on compressive strength, tensile strength, resistance against chloride ion penetration and chemicals exposure, and quality of aggregates. So, around 30%, 35%, 20%, and 79% reductions in compression strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and workability were estimated when 100% RFA was used in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). However, according to results analyses, the performance of RAC is reliable up to 50% of RFA in proposed conditions and mix design. In addition, major environmental impacts such as global warming potential, aquatic eutrophication, and aquatic acidification were reduced by 47%, 40%, and 18%, respectively, for concrete having 50% RFA than concrete having 100% FFA.

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Data availability

The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

ADB:

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

CDW:

Construction and demolition waste

CMRA:

Construction Materials Recycling Association

CS:

Crushed limestone

C c :

Coefficient of curvature

C u :

Coefficient of uniformity

D 50 :

Mean size diameter

EEA:

European Environment Agency

E c :

Modulus of elasticity

FCA:

Fresh coarse aggregates

FFA:

Fresh fine aggregate

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

f c ’ :

Compressive strength of concrete

f ctm :

Tensile strength of concrete

GTZ:

German technical cooperation

ITZ:

Interface transition zone

k :

Modulus of elasticity estimation factor

MTPA:

Million tons per annum

RAC:

Recycled aggregate concrete

RFA:

Recycled fine aggregate

RCA:

Recycled coarse aggregates

RCPT:

Rapid chlorine penetration test

SDG:

Sustainable Development Goals

UN:

United Nations

UNDP:

United Nations Development Program

OCHA:

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

UTM:

Universal testing machine

WB:

World bank

w/c :

Water cement ratio

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Acknowledgements

This study did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China

    Mudassar Munir Shah

  2. National Institute of Transportation (NIT-Risalpur), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Usama Khalid

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54980, Pakistan

    Hassan Mujtaba

  4. Department of City and Regional Planning, Lahore College for Women University (LCWU), Lahore, 44444, Pakistan

    Syeda Areej Zahra Naqvi

  5. School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China

    Salman Masood

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Contributions

MMS: conceptualization, methodology, validation, investigation, writing original draft, formal analysis, and visualization.

UK: conceptualization; data curation; resources; validation; writing—review and editing; and visualization.

HM: resources and writing—review and editing.

SAZN: visualization and data curation.

SM: resources and formal analysis.

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Correspondence to Usama Khalid.

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Shah, M.M., Khalid, U., Mujtaba, H. et al. Environmental impacts and performance assessment of recycled fine aggregate concrete. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 36938–36957 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33590-6

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