Abstract
Concern over the influences of constant addition of emerging anthropogenic chemicals to the environment has become a public issue during the rapid urbanization. Here, we investigated the occurrence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in soil and corresponding tree bark in a megacity, Western China. Our results showed levels of OPEs in tree bark (1250 ± 573 ng/g dry weight (dw)) were 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those in soil (40.4 ± 30.8 ng/g dw). Rooster Mountain is a background mountain area, exhibiting significantly lower concentrations of OPEs in soil and tree bark than those in other sites with relatively high population density. This result highlights the effect of human activities on the distribution of OPEs in environmental matrices. Alkyl-OPEs were predominant compounds in soil, whereas halogenated- (Cl-) OPEs were characterized in tree bark. Furthermore, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) positively correlated with tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) in soil (r2 = 0.43, P < 0.05) while negatively correlated with TCIPP in tree bark (r2 = 0.31, P < 0.05). The ratios of logarithm concentrations of OPEs in tree bark to those in soil correlated well with logKOA values of OPEs from 6 to 10, indicating the equilibrium status was achieved between OPE partitioning in soil and in tree bark. Nevertheless, tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) with high values of logKOA deviated from this linear tendency, which was possibly due to the fact that they were subjected to the particle-bound deposition process, leading to partition into the soil.
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This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0085).
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CW wrote the manuscript. RY sampled and conducted the experimental treatment. SW gave some suggestion about the manuscript. MH conceived the project and revised the manuscript. All of the authors contributed to the final review of the submitted manuscript and gave final approval for publication.
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Wang, C., Yuan, RY., Wei, SQ. et al. Occurrence, correlation, and partitioning of organophosphate esters in soil and tree bark from a megacity, Western China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 4359–4371 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22444-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22444-8