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Unraveling the role of China’s OFDI, institutional difference and B&R policy on energy efficiency: a meta-frontier super-SBM approach

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Abstract

Under the Belt and Road initiative, the cooperative network between Chinese firms and participating countries has evolved rapidly to seek new markets for foreign investment. Foreign investment is one of the most effective ways of improving environmental energy efficiency through technology spillover. Therefore, first, this article applies the foreign direct investment theory with an interactive effect of institutional difference on energy efficiency. We employed the meta-frontier super-slacks-based measure approach to find the sampled countries’ environmental energy efficiency. We also divided the study sample into six regions to consider group heterogeneity and the variation in energy efficiency performance in various Belt and Road regions. For the empirical investigation, we applied the generalized method of moments approach. The impact of China’s outward foreign direct investment on energy efficiency is positive in the full sample. Nevertheless, the region-wise study found mixed results regarding China’s outward foreign direct investment to promote energy efficiency and the Belt and Road region. In addition, the study further infers that institutional distance can be the greater impediment to promoting host countries’ efficient energy-based investment.

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Data availability

Data can be found at https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators, https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators, and Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment.

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Funding

This study is sponsored by the RGC (Research Grant Council) of the Hong Kong SAR Government (project #: 9042713). Talent person recruitment project of Zhejiang Shuren University (KXJ0121610).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Management, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China

    Wasi Ul Hassan Shah

  2. Department of Management Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China

    Gang Hao

  3. School of Economics and Management, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan, China

    Rizwana Yasmeen

  4. Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan

    Muhammad Abdul Kamal

  5. School of Economics, **amen University, **amen, Fujian, China

    Anwar Khan

  6. Department of Economics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda

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  1. Wasi Ul Hassan Shah
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  4. Muhammad Abdul Kamal
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Contributions

WUHS, GH: supervision, methodology; RY: conceptualization, formal analysis, writing—original draft; MAK, AK, IUHP: writing—review.

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Correspondence to Rizwana Yasmeen.

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Communicated by Roula Inglesi-Lotz

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Appendix

Appendix

Table 9 Country list
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Table 10 Description of the data
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Table 11 Descriptive statistics of energy efficiency under the group-frontier and the meta-frontier
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Table 12 MTR results of six global regions during 2003–2014
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Shah, W., Hao, G., Yasmeen, R. et al. Unraveling the role of China’s OFDI, institutional difference and B&R policy on energy efficiency: a meta-frontier super-SBM approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 56454–56472 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19729-3

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