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Spatiotemporal variability of exposure to secondhand smoke in Iran during 2009–2020: a systematic review

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Abstract

The present study aimed to provide a systematic review of studies on the prevalence of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the Iran population as a serious indoor health hazard. A literature review of studies that considered SHS exposure, available in multiple electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus published 2009–2020 in English and two Persian databases (SID and Magiran), was carried out following the PRISMA recommendations. A total of 55 studies were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the quality assessment. The results showed no specific decrease in the prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke in Iran; however, it appeared that the exposure has been increasing. Distribution of studies in terms of age group revealed that most studies (38%) investigated adults (more than 18 years old), while 34% of the studies considered less than 18 years of age group and a single article considered infants (6–24 months). Based on the present study results, a large population of Iran was exposed to SHS. Moreover, based on Iran’s STEPs 2016 (Stepwise Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors Survey in Iran) study, the overall prevalence of SHS exposure at home (57.5%) was higher than in workplaces (49.2%). The results of the present study recommended that protection measures should be comprehensive in terms of exposure places, and since the exposure prevalence in some provinces was higher than the others, it is especially important to consider the local measures and cultural aspects in SHS control programs.

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Acknowledgements

This study is part of a Ph.D. thesis and funded by grant numbers 99-3-99-50677 from Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran. Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hosna Janjani, Ramin Nabizadeh, Mina Aghaei & Masud Yunesian

  2. Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Homa Kashani, Mansour Shamsipour & Masud Yunesian

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  1. Hosna Janjani
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  2. Ramin Nabizadeh
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Contributions

M.Y. and R.N. conceived of the presented idea. HJ helped in the coordination of the study and drafted the manuscript. H.K. developed the search strategy. M.Y. and H.K. supervised the selection of the quality appraisal tool. M.SH.P. encouraged investigating a specific aspect of this work. M.A helps in screening and quality appraisal. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Masud Yunesian.

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Our project was approved by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1398. 527N4180001)

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Janjani, H., Nabizadeh, R., Kashani, H. et al. Spatiotemporal variability of exposure to secondhand smoke in Iran during 2009–2020: a systematic review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 46838–46851 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15273-8

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