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Ecotoxicity of the nonsteroidal ecdysone mimic RH-5849 to Daphnia magna

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Abstract

The nonsteroidal ecdysone mimic 1,2-dibenzoyl-1-tert-butylhydrazine (RH-5849), a novel insect growth regulator, is mainly registered for use in rice fields. So far, its toxicity and ecological risks towards aquatic cladoceran invertebrates remain unclear. In this study, RH-5849 was evaluated for its acute and 21-day chronic toxicity towards Daphnia magna. The viability, morphology, growth, and reproduction of D. magna were observed to establish a concentration-toxicity relationship associated with the RH-5849 exposure. In addition, the relationship between the changes of physiological and biochemical indices and the chronic indices was analyzed in order to find potential early warning indicators in D. magna to the chronic risk of RH-5849 exposure. The results showed that the 48-h EC50 of acute immobilization and EC50 of 21-day survival of RH-5849 on D. magna were 45.3 and 1.34 mg/L, respectively. Chronic exposure to RH-5849 mainly affected the reproductive parameters of D. magna and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the EC50 were 0.050 and 0.5423 mg/L, respectively. The number of offspring per female reduced significantly after 21-day exposure to 0.10 mg/L of RH-5849. The morphological changes, manifested in head width and body length, the length of the helmet or apical spine, and the curvature and transparency of the body, were observed in RH-5849-treated groups. Moreover, it was found that the alkaline phosphatase activity in D. magna after 5–7-day exposure was positively correlated with the number of offspring per female after 21 days. These results indicate the potential risk of RH-5849 towards aquatic crustaceans should be taken into consideration when applied to rice fields.

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Funding

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 21407056).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nan**g Institute of Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nan**g, 210042, People’s Republic of China

    **lin Jiang, Zhengjun Shan, Yuxuan Zhu & Junying Zhou

  2. School of the Environment, Nan**g University, Nan**g, 210093, People’s Republic of China

    **aorong Wang

Authors
  1. **lin Jiang
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  2. Zhengjun Shan
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  3. **aorong Wang
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  4. Yuxuan Zhu
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Correspondence to **lin Jiang.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Responsible editor: Cinta Porte

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Figure S1

Mean survival time of Daphnia magna under different RH-5849 concentrations during the 21-day experiment. Data are denoted as mean ± standard deviation. No asterisk indicates there was no statistically significant difference in the treatment relative to control. (JPEG 8 kb)

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Jiang, J., Shan, Z., Wang, X. et al. Ecotoxicity of the nonsteroidal ecdysone mimic RH-5849 to Daphnia magna. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 10730–10739 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1275-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1275-0

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