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Development of fast and robust multiresidual LC-MS/MS method for determination of pharmaceuticals in soils

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a simple extraction procedure and a multiresidual liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of a wide range of pharmaceuticals from various soil types. An extraction procedure for 91 pharmaceuticals from 13 soil types, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, was optimized. The extraction efficiencies of three solvent mixtures for ultrasonic extraction were evaluated for 91 pharmaceuticals. The best results were obtained using acetonitrile/water (1/1 v/v with 0.1 % formic acid) followed by acetonitrile/2-propanol/water (3/3/4 v/v/v with 0.1 % formic acid) for extracting 63 pharmaceuticals. The method was validated at three fortification levels (10, 100, and 1000 ng/g) in all types of representative soils; recovery of 44 pharmaceuticals ranged between 55 and 135 % across all tested soils. The method was applied to analyze actual environmental samples of sediments, soils, and sludge, and 24 pharmaceuticals were found above limit of quantification with concentrations ranging between 0.83 ng/g (fexofenadine) and 223 ng/g (citalopram).

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Acknowledgments

The study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic—projects “CENAKVA” (No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0024) and “CENAKVA II” (No. LO1205 under the NPU I program), by the Czech Science Foundation GACR 13-12477S and by the Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia in České Budejovice No. 012/2016/Z. We thank the American Manuscript Editors for English language corrections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic

    Oksana Golovko, Olga Koba, Ganna Fedorova, Vimal Kumar & Roman Grabic

  2. Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521, Prague 6, Czech Republic

    Radka Kodesova

Authors
  1. Oksana Golovko
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  2. Olga Koba
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  3. Radka Kodesova
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  4. Ganna Fedorova
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  5. Vimal Kumar
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  6. Roman Grabic
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Oksana Golovko.

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Responsible editor: Roland Kallenborn

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Golovko, O., Koba, O., Kodesova, R. et al. Development of fast and robust multiresidual LC-MS/MS method for determination of pharmaceuticals in soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 14068–14077 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6487-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6487-6

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