Abstract
Communication through the wireless medium has a greater demand nowadays and it increases day by day due to the rapid increment of mobile users. Constantly, the antennas play a major role in the expanding wireless communication systems. Also, the demand increases for the smaller minimum-cost antenna for both industrial and domestic applications. The Inverted-F Antenna (IFA) designs support these requirements. This paper explains the study of the design of various band IFA forms for different applications like Bluetooth, WLAN, Wi-Fi and Zigbee. The design parameters and performance of different forms of IFAs are discussed and categorized in this paper. This review paper ultimately aims to highlight the Performance of IFA designs taken for analysis through gain comparison and return loss comparison for a fixed range of frequency.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Not applicable.
References
Al-Khatib, K., Ghazal, B., & Abou Chahine, S. (2015). Wide-band slotted flower PIFA antenna for multimedia handhelds terminals, pp. 6.
Ghaffar, A., Altaf, A., Aneja, A., Li, X. J., Khan, S., Alibakhshikenari, M., Flalcone, F., & Limiti, E. (2022). A frequency reconfigurable compact planar inverted-F antenna for portable devices. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2022, 1–9.
Leng, T., Pan, K., Jiang, Y., Hu, Z., OUSLIMANI, H., & Abdalla, M. A. (2019). Dual band graphene nanoflakes printed compact monopole antenna for low cost WIFI applications. psp. 2.
See, C. H., Oguntala, G. A., Shuaieb, W., Noras, J. M., & Excell, P. S. (2018). Dual-Band Planar Inverted F-L Antenna Structure for Bluetooth and ZigBee Applications. In I. Elfergani, A. S. Hussaini, J. Rodriguez, & R. Abd-Alhameed (Eds.), Antenna Fundamentals for Legacy Mobile Applications and Beyond (pp. 39–52). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63967-3_2
Soras, C., Karaboikis, M., Tsachtsiris, G., & Makios, V. (2002). Analysis and design of an inverted-F antenna printed on a PCMCIA card for the 2.4 GHz ISM band. IEEE Antennas and propagation Magazine, 44(1), 37–44.
Wang, Y., Yan, S., & Huang, B. (2022). Conformal folded inverted-F antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation pattern for robust communication in capsule endoscopy applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 70(8), 6537–6550.
Ben Hamadi, H., Ghnimi, S., Latrach, L., Benech, P., & Gharsallah, A. (2020). New design of multi-band PIFA antenna with reduced SAR for mobile and wireless applications. Wireless Personal Communications, 115(2), 1211–1226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07619-1
Kumar, G., Singh, D., & Kumar, R. (2021). A planar CPW fed UWB antenna with dual rectangular notch band characteristics incorporating U-slot, SRRs, and EBGs. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 31(7), e22676.
Al-Khatib, K., Ghazal, B., & Abou Chahine, S. (2015). Wide-band slotted flower PIFA antenna for multimedia handhelds terminals. In: 2015 Third international conference on technological advances in electrical, electronics and computer engineering (TAEECE), IEEE, pp. 118–123.
Choi, W. C., Lim, S., Yoon, Y. J., & Ryu, K. S. (2015). Compact inverted-F antenna using coupled-feeding structure for penta-band mobile application. In: 2015 International workshop on antenna technology (iWAT), Seoul, Korea (South): IEEE, pp. 137–139. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2015.7365354
Redzwan, F. N. M., Ali, M. T., Tan, M. M., & Miswadi, N. F. (2015). Design of tri-band planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) with parasitic elements for UMTS2100, LTE and WiMAX mobile applications. In: 2015 International conference on computer, communications, and control technology (I4CT), Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia: IEEE, pp. 550–554. https://doi.org/10.1109/I4CT.2015.7219639
Saini, S., Kaur, R., Singh, S., & Kumar, N. (2015). A compact T-slot multiband planar inverted-F antenna for handheld devices. In: 2015 2nd International conference on recent advances in engineering and computational sciences (RAECS), IEEE, pp. 1–4.
Soliman, A., Elsheakh, D., Abdallah, E., & El-Hennawy, H. (2015). Multiband printed metamaterial inverted-F antenna (IFA) for USB applications. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 14(4.5), 297–300. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2014.2360222
Liu, H., Pan, J., Zhang, L., Liu, C., & Lin, Z. (2016). Design of a dual band small antenna for WLAN system. In: 2016 Progress in electromagnetic research symposium (PIERS), IEEE, pp. 1316–1318.
Hur, J., Choi, W. C., & Yoon, Y. J. (2016). A compact size dual band WIFI antenna using existing components in smartphone. In: 2016 IEEE International symposium on antennas and propagation (APSURSI), IEEE, pp. 2167–2168.
Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, G., & Gong, S. (2016). Heptaband inverted-F antenna for metal-rimmed mobile phone applications. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 15, 996–999. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2015.2489763
Loharia, N., Rana, S. B., & Kumar, N. (2018). A novel compact MIMO planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for future 5G wireless devices. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(45), 320–323.
Sandanalakshmi, R., & Nirmala, R. (2016). Dual band planar inverted-F antenna for LTE based mobile equipments. In: 2016 International conference on wireless communications, signal processing and networking (WiSPNET), IEEE, pp. 103–108.
Singh, M., Marwaha, V., Thakur, A., Saini, H. S., & Kumar, N. (2016). Design of a low return loss planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) for 4G and WLAN applications loaded with Metamaterial lens. In: 2016 3rd International conference on signal processing and integrated networks (SPIN), IEEE, pp. 539–543.
Wu, B., & Feng, Q. (2016). A novel compact broadband antenna for LTE/WLAN/WiMAX applications. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, 59, 129–135.
Yang, L., Li, T., Wang, F., & Yoshitomi, K. (2016). Compact tri-band MIMO antenna for LTE/GSM mobile handset application. IEICE Transactions on Communications, 99(1), 177–185.
Chechetkin, V. A., Korotkov, A. N., & Lapshanov, V. M. (2017). Enhanced bandwidth PIFA antennas for 900/1800 MHz and WiFi 2400 MHz band with a dielectric cover. In: 2017 25th telecommunication forum (TELFOR), IEEE, pp. 1–4.
Chen, W. S., Lin, G. Q., & Zhang, G. R. (2017). Multiband antennas for GSM/GPS/LTE/WLAN smart watch applications. In: 2017 Sixth Asia-pacific conference on antennas and propagation (APCAP), IEEE, pp. 1–3.
Deng, J., Li, J., Zhao, L., & Guo, L. (2017). A dual-band inverted-F MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation for WLAN applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 16, 2270–2273.
Huang, H. S., Su, H. L., & Chen, S. L. (2017). Multiband antennas for GPS/GSM1800/Bluetooth/Wi-Fi smart watch applications. In: 2017 IEEE international conference on computational electromagnetics (ICCEM), IEEE, pp. 352–354.
Napitupulu, M., & Munirf, A. (2017). Compact dual band printed planar inverted-F antenna for wireless communications. In: 2017 9th International conference on computational intelligence and communication networks (CICN), IEEE, pp. 6–10.
Thavakumar, S., & Susila, M. (2017). Design of multi resonant PIFA antenna for mobile telecommunication networks. In 2017 International conference on wireless communications, signal processing and networking (WiSPNET), IEEE, pp. 2462–2465.
Abdelwahab, A. M., Youssef, I. D., & Ahmed, M. I. (2018). A quad-band compact inverted-F MIMO antenna for USB dongle applications. In: 2018 IEEE International symposium on antennas and propagation and USNC/URSI national radio science meeting, IEEE, pp. 459–460.
ali Khan, W., Ishfaq, M., Sohail, M., Khan, I., & Bashir, S. (2018). Dual band inverted F monople antenna with truncated ground plane. In: 2018 International conference on computing, mathematics and engineering technologies (iCoMET), IEEE, pp. 1–5.
Azim, R., Alam, T., & Islam, M. T. (2019). Design of multi-band patch antenna for ubiquitous wireless communication. In: 2019 Joint 8th international conference on informatics, electronics and vision (ICIEV) and 2019 3rd international conference on imaging, vision and pattern recognition (icIVPR), IEEE, pp. 51–55.
Boddu, V. S., & Chilukuri, S. (2019). A multi band planar inverted-F antenna with meandered slots for mobile applications. In: 2019 IEEE-APS topical conference on antennas and propagation in wireless communications (APWC), IEEE, pp. 431–435.
Leng, T., Pan, K., Jiang, Y., Hu, Z., OUSLIMANI, H., & Abdalla, M. A. (2019). Dual band graphene nanoflakes printed compact monopole antenna for low cost WIFI applications. In: 2019 IEEE international symposium on antennas and propagation and USNC-URSI radio science meeting, IEEE, pp. 1287–1288.
Hamadi, H. B., Ghnimi, S., Latrach, L., & Gharsallah, A. (2019). Analysis and design of a new PIFA antenna for the wireless communications applications. In: 2019 IEEE 19th mediterranean microwave symposium (MMS), Hammamet, Tunisia: IEEE, pp. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMS48040.2019.9157302
Chatterjee, A., Midya, M., Mishra, L. P., & Mitra, M. (2020). Compact dual polarised branch-line printed inverted-F antenna covering both cellular and non-cellular bands with independent tuning. Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, 101, 95–104.
Devi, L. M., Pavani, T., & Madhumitha, T. (2020). A planar multiband antenna for UMTS and WLAN applications. In: 2020 International conference on inventive computation technologies (ICICT), Coimbatore, India: IEEE, pp. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICT48043.2020.9112472
Jadhav, T., & Deshpande, S. (2020). Planar inverted-f antenna using defected ground surface for mobile application. In: ICDSMLA 2019: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on data science, machine learning and applications, Springer, pp. 611–619.
Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, G., & Gong, S. (2015). Heptaband inverted-F antenna for metal-rimmed mobile phone applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 15, 996–999.
Xun, J.-H., Shi, L.-F., Liu, W.-R., Liu, G.-X., & Chen, S. (2017). Compact dual-band decoupling structure for improving mutual coupling of closely placed PIFAs. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 16, 1985–1989.
Rana, S., Thakur, A., Saini, H. S., Kumar, R., & Kumar, N. (2016). A wideband planar inverted F antenna for wireless communication devices. In: 2016 International conference on advances in computing, communication, and automation (ICACCA) (Spring), Dehradun, India: IEEE, pp. 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCA.2016.7578875.
Ben Hamadi, H., Ghnimi, S., Latrach, L., Benech, P., & Gharsallah, A. (2020). New design of multi-band PIFA antenna with reduced SAR for mobile and wireless applications. Wireless Personal Communications, 115, 1211–1226.
Shrimal, S., Sharma, I. B., & Sharma, M. M. (2021). Design of multiband reconfigurable inverted F-shaped antenna for wireless applications. In: 2021 IEEE Indian conference on antennas and propagation (InCAP), IEEE, pp. 212–215.
Srivastava, S., Mishra, R., Gupta, G., & Harish, A. R. (2023). Mathematical analysis of active reflection coefficient for the design of phased array antennas. In: 2023 First international conference on microwave, antenna and communication (mac), IEEE, 2023, pp. 1–5.
Azim, R., Alam, T., & Islam, M. T. (2019). Design of multi-band patch antenna for ubiquitous wireless communication. In: 2019 Joint 8th international conference on informatics, electronics and vision (ICIEV) and 2019 3rd international conference on imaging, vision and pattern recognition (icIVPR), Spokane, WA, USA: IEEE, pp. 51–55. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEV.2019.8858581
Deng, J., Li, J., Zhao, L., & Guo, L. (2017). A Dual-band inverted-F MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation for WLAN applications. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 16, 2270–2273.
ali Khan, W., Ishfaq, M., Sohail, M., Khan, I., & Bashir, S. (2018). Dual band inverted F monople antenna with truncated ground plane. In: 2018 International conference on computing, mathematics and engineering technologies (iCoMET), Sukkur: IEEE, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOMET.2018.8346417
Boddu, V. S., & Chilukuri, S. (2019). A multi band planar inverted-F antenna with meandered slots for mobile applications. In: 2019 IEEE-APS topical conference on antennas and propagation in wireless communications (APWC), Granada, Spain: IEEE, pp. 431–435. https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.2019.8870466
Chatterjee, A., Midya, M., Mishra, L. P., & Mitra, M. (2020). Branch line strip loaded compact printed inverted-F antenna (IFA) for penta-band applications. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 124, 153340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2020.153340
Hur, J., Choi, W. C., & Yoon, Y. J. (2016). A compact size dual band WIFI antenna using existing components in smartphone. In: 2016 IEEE international symposium on antennas and propagation (APSURSI), Fajardo, PR, USA: IEEE, pp. 2167–2168. https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2016.7696790
Sandanalakshmi, R., & Nirmala, R. (2016). Dual band planar inverted-F antenna for LTE based mobile equipments. In: 2016 International conference on wireless communications, signal processing and networking (WiSPNET), Chennai, India: IEEE, pp. 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1109/WiSPNET.2016.7566100
Saini, S., Kaur, R., Singh, S., & Kumar, N. (2015). A compact T-slot multiband planar inverted-F antenna for handheld devices. In: 2015 2nd International conference on recent advances in engineering and computational sciences (RAECS), Chandigarh, India: IEEE, pp. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAECS.2015.7453328
Singh, M., Marwaha, V., Thakur, A., Saini, H. S., & Kumar, N. (2016). Design of a low return loss planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) for 4G and WLAN applications loaded with metamaterial lens, pp. 5.
Leng, T., Pan, K., Jiang, Y., Hu, Z., OUSLIMANI, H., & Abdalla, M. A. (2019). Dual band graphene nanoflakes printed compact monopole antenna for low cost WIFI applications. In: 2019 IEEE international symposium on antennas and propagation and USNC-URSI radio science meeting, Atlanta, GA, USA: IEEE, pp. 1287–1288. https://doi.org/10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2019.8889034
Abdelwahab, A. M., Youssef, I. D., & Ahmed, M. I. (2018). A quad-band compact inverted-F MIMO antenna for USB dongle applications. In: 2018 IEEE international symposium on antennas and propagation and USNC/URSI national radio science meeting, Boston, MA: IEEE, pp. 459–460. https://doi.org/10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8608899.
Lawrence, J. J., Shanmuganathan, V., Manoharan, R., Ramachandran, S., Aly, M. H., & Chakrabarti, P. (2023). Next generation WDM-radio over fiber passive optical network: deep neural network based performance analysis. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 55(14), 1269.
Funding
Not applicable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Renit C performed the data curation of the system. The paper was written by Renit C under the supervision of Ajith Bosco Raj T. The formal analysis of the paper was suggested by Ajith Bosco Raj T. Methodology was by Renit C and Asha Beaula C. Writing and Original drafting were by Renit C and Asha Beaula C. Review and Editing was by Renit C and Asha Beaula C consistency. All authors read and approved the final paper.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All authors have participated in (a) conception and design, analysis and interpretation of the data; (b) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (c) approval of the final version. This manuscript has not been submitted to, nor is it under review at, another journal or other publishing venue. The authors have no affiliation with any organization with a direct or indirect financial interest in the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Renit, C., Raj, T.A.B. & Beaula, C.A. A Review on the Design of Inverted F-Antenna for Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX and Zigbee Applications. Wireless Pers Commun 134, 953–973 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-10940-8
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-10940-8