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Identification of Myxobolus distalisensis n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) infecting yellow catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco (Richardson), with a supplement description of M. voremkhai (Akhmerov, 1960) Landsberg and Lom, 1991

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Abstract

With growing scale of intensive fish cultivation, the risk of parasite infection in commercial fish is increased. Precisely identifying and characterizing the parasites that infect the farmed fish is critical to understanding the dynamics of their communities. Here, two species of Myxobolus were identified in farmed yellow catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco (Richardson) in China. Myxobolus distalisensis n. sp. developed plasmodia in the gill filaments, with oval to elliptical myxospores measuring 11.3 ± 0.6 (10.4-12.6) × 8.1 ± 0.3 (7.5-8.6) × 5.5 ± 0.2 (5.2-5.8) μm. Two pyriform polar capsules of equal size were measured 5.3 ± 0.4 (4.5-6.3) × 2.7 ± 0.1 (2.3-3) μm. Myxobolus voremkhai (Akhmerov, 1960) Landsberg and Lom, 1991 developed plasmodia in the gill arch and had a myxospore morphology similar to the conspecific isolates described in previous studies. The consensus sequences of M. distalisensis was remarkably distinct from those deposited in the GenBank, with exception of whereas M. voremkhai showing 99.84% identity. The genetic data on both isolates differed considerably from each other, revealing only 86.96% molecular identity. Histologically, M. distalisensis resided in the filament cartilage, and the aggressive proliferation of the sporogenic stages led to lytic cartilage corrosion. In contrast, plasmodia of M. voremkhai grossly observed at the base of the gill filament were embedded by the connective tissue in the gills arch. Phylogenetically, both isolates were separately placed in different subclades, indicating difference in their evolutionary history. Besides, the taxon under the family Myxobolidae was demonstrated non-monophyletic origins, and parasite radiation largely followed their host affinity.

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Data Availability

Two SSU rDNA sequences were obtained in the present study and submitted to the NCBI database under accession numbers OQ917121 (Myxobolus distalisensis), and OP458784 (M. voremkhai). Holotype specimens of M. distalisensis fixed by 10% formaldehyde solution and correlated digitized photomicrographs were deposited in the College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China (accession no. MTR 20190702).

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Acknowledgements

We thank Chenxin Zhang for her assistance in fieldwork. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070431); the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-46); and the Hubei Agricultural Sciences and Technology Innovation Center (2021-620-000-001-33).

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070431); the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-46); and the Hubei Agricultural Sciences and Technology Innovation Center (2021-620-000-001-33).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi Zi Shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Bo Zhang, Qingxiang Guo, **ao Tu & Zemao Gu

  2. Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Bo Zhang, **ao Tu & Zemao Gu

  3. Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Bo Zhang, **ao Tu & Zemao Gu

  4. National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-Reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Bo Zhang, **ao Tu & Zemao Gu

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Bo Zhang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Investigation, Data Curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing. Qingxiang Guo: Conceptualization, Writing - Review & Editing. **ao Tu: Project administration, Writing - Review & Editing. Zemao Gu: Conceptualization, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition.

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All animal care protocols complied with the guidelines established by the National Institutes of Health and the International Society for Development Psychobiology (Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, P77, Aquatic Animals, National Research Council, 2010). The research protocol was approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee of Huazhong Agricultural University.

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Zhang, B., Guo, Q., Tu, X. et al. Identification of Myxobolus distalisensis n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) infecting yellow catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco (Richardson), with a supplement description of M. voremkhai (Akhmerov, 1960) Landsberg and Lom, 1991. Syst Parasitol 100, 473–485 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-023-10098-0

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