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Polyacylated Anthocyanins Derived from Red Radishes Protect Vascular Endothelial Cells Against Palmitic Acid-Induced Apoptosis via the p38 MAPK Pathway

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Abstract

Palmitic acid (PA), a widely consumed saturated fat, is known to induce the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. This study examined the protective effect of anthocyanin from red radish (ARR), which has been shown to protect the cardiovascular system and is rich in polyacylated pelargonidin (P) glycosides, on PA-treated SV 40 transfected aortic rat endothelial cells (SVAREC). In all, 22 distinct anthocyanins were identified in the ARR via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, the most abundant of which were pelargonidin-3-(p-coumaroyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside (31.60%), pelargonidin-3-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside (22.98%), pelargonidin-3-(p-coumaroyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside (8.02%), and pelargonidin-3-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside (6.25%). P displayed the highest serum level (93.72%) in the ARR-treated mice, while polyacylated P glucosides were also absorbed intact. Furthermore, ARR treatment effectively increased cellular activity and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2-associated X protein : B cell lymphoma-2, while simultaneously alleviating the excessive production of reactive oxygen species in PA-treated SVAREC. Transcriptome and further verification analyses confirmed that the ARR-inhibiting PA-induced apoptosis of SVAREC was related to the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Our results are the first to demonstrate that ARR may be a promising phytochemical in the prevention of PA-induced endothelial dysfunction.

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Data availability statements

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

Abbreviations

ARR:

anthocyanins from red radish

Bcl-2:

B cell lymphoma-2

Bax:

Bcl-2-associated X protein

C3G:

cyanidin-3-glucoside

CVD:

cardiovascular disease

JNK:

c-Jun NH2 terminal

DCFH-DA:

dichlorofluorescein diacetate

ERK:

extracellular signal-regulated kinase

GO:

gene ontology

KEGG:

Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome

MAPK:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

MKK3:

mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-3

Mv:

malvidin

Mv3G:

malvidin-3-glucoside

PA:

palmitic acid

P3G:

peonidin-3-glucoside

P3PD5G:

pelargonidin-3-(p-coumaroyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside

P3FD5MG:

pelargonidin-3-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside

P3PD5MG:

pelargonidin-3-(p-coumaroyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside

P3FD5G:

pelargonidin-3-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside

P:

pelargonidin

P3D5G:

pelargonidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SD:

standard deviation

SVAREC:

SV 40 transfected aortic rat endothelial cells

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-α

UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS:

ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing City (cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0141) and Fundamental Research Project in Natural Science Field of Shaanxi Province (2020-JQ442).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Road, Fuling district, 408100, Chongqing, China

    Wenfeng Li, Gen Zhang, Si Tan, Changqiu Gong, Yunjiao Yang, Mengyuan Gu & Zhenzhen Mi

  2. School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169, Changle-West road, 710032, **’an, China

    Hongyan Y. Yang

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Li, W., Zhang, G., Tan, S. et al. Polyacylated Anthocyanins Derived from Red Radishes Protect Vascular Endothelial Cells Against Palmitic Acid-Induced Apoptosis via the p38 MAPK Pathway. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 77, 412–420 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-022-00969-0

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