SpringerLink
Log in

The Effect of Methanolic Valeriana officinalis Root Extract on Adipocyte Differentiation and Adiponectin Production in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and its endocrine function is closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Valeriana officinalis (Valerian) exerts some physiological effects; however, its influence on adipocytes remains unclear. We investigated the effect of methanolic Valerian root extract (Vale) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Vale (1, 10, and 100 μg/mL) dose-dependently promoted adipocyte differentiation with increasing lipid accumulation. In addition, Vale significantly increased the mRNA levels in genes associated with adipocyte differentiation, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α , and adipocyte protein 2, in dose-dependent manner. Vale also significantly enhanced mRNA and protein levels in adiponectin. A PPARγ antagonist assay and a PPARγ binding assay revealed that Vale-induced increased adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin production were partly associated with direct binding to PPARγ. Valerenic acid, a characteristic component in Valerian, also demonstrated the ability to induce adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin secretion, suggesting that it is one of the functional components in Vale.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

BADGE:

bisphenol a diglycidyl ether

C/EBPα:

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (high glucose) with L-glutamine, phenol red, and sodium pyruvate

DMSO:

dimethyl sulfoxide

MTT:

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

PPARα:

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α

PPARγ:

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

Rosi:

Rosiglitazone

SE:

standard error

Vale:

methanolic Valerian root extract

Valerian:

Valeriana officinalis

References

  1. Beidokhti MN, Jäger AK (2017) Review of antidiabetic fruits, vegetables, beverages, oils and spices commonly consumed in the diet. J Ethnopharmacol 201:26–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Coelho M, Oliveira T, Fernandes R (2013) Biochemistry of adipose tissue: an endocrine organ. Arch Med Sci 9:191–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T (2011) Adiponectin receptor signaling: a new layer to the current model. Cell Metab 13:123–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T (2005) Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors. Endocr Rev 26:439–451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Havel PJ (2004) Update on adipocyte hormones: regulation of energy balance and carbohydrate/lipid metabolism. Diabetes 53:S143–S151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kubota N, Yamauchi T, Tobe K, Kadowaki T (2006) Adiponectin-dependent and -independent pathways in insulin-sensitizing and antidiabetic actions of thiazolidinediones. Diabetes 55:S32–S38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Scheen AJ (2001) Thiazolidinediones and liver toxicity. Diabetes Metab 27:305–313

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Shah P, Mudaliar S (2010) Pioglitazone: side effect and safety profile. Expert Opin Drug Saf 9:347–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Atanasov AG, Wang JN, Gu SP, Bu J, Kramer MP, Baumgartner L, Fakhrudin N, Ladurner A, Malainer C, Vuorinen A, Noha SM, Schwaiger S, Rollinger JM, Schuster D, Stuppner H, Dirsch VM, Heiss EH (2013) Honokiol: a non-adipogenic PPARγ agonist from nature. Biochim Biophys Acta 1830:4813–4819

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lee W, Ham J, Kwon HC, Kim YK, Kim SN (2013) Anti-diabetic effect of amorphastilbol through PPARα/γ dual activation in db/db mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 432:73–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. National Toxicology Program (2009) Chemical Information Review Document for Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) [CAS No. 8057-49-6] and Oils [CAS No. 8008-88-6]. Available from the NTP web site at Internet address: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/noms/support_docs/valerian_nov2009_508.pdf

  12. Houghton PJ (1999) The scientific basis for the reputed activity of valerian. J Pharm Pharmacol 51:505–512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rosen ED (2002) The molecular control of adipogenesis, with special reference to lymphatic pathology. Ann N Y Acad Sci 979:143–158 discussion 188-196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kralisch S, Fasshauer M (2013) Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein: a novel adipokine involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic and vascular disease? Diabetologia 56:10–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Spranger J, Kroke A, Möhlig M, Bergmann MM, Ristow M, Boeing H, Pfeiffer AFH (2003) Adiponectin and protection against type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet 361:226–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Iwaki M, Matsuda M, Maeda N, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Makishima M, Shimomura I (2003) Induction of adiponectin, a fat-derived antidiabetic and antiatherogenic factor, by nuclear receptors. Diabetes 52:1655–1663

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Yamamoto J, Yamane T, Oishi Y, Shimizu M, Tadaishi M, Kobayashi-Hattori K (2015) Chrysanthemum promotes adipocyte differentiation, adiponectin secretion and glucose uptake. Am J Chin Med 43:255–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Raciti GA, Fiory F, Campitelli M, Desiderio A, Spinelli R, Longo M, Nigro C, Pepe G, Sommella E, Campiglia P, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Miele C (2018) Citrus aurantium L. dry extracts promote C/ebpβ expression and improve adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. PLoS One 13:e0193704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Saito T, Abe D, Sekiya K (2008) Sakuranetin induces adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through enhanced expression of PPARγ2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 372:835–839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Yi W, Shi J, Zhao G, Zhou XE, Suino-Powell K, Melcher K, Xu HE (2017) Identification of a novel selective PPARγ ligand with a unique binding mode and improved therapeutic profile in vitro. Sci Rep 27:41487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Jung HY, Yoo DY, Nam SM, Kim JW, Choi JH, Yoo M, Lee S, Yoon YS, Hwang IK (2015) Valerenic acid protects against physical and psychological stress by reducing the turnover of serotonin and norepinephrine in mouse hippocampus-amygdala region. J Med Food 18:1333–1339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Nam SM, Choi JH, Yoo DY, Kim W, Jung HY, Kim JW, Kang SY, Park J, Kim DW, Kim WJ, Yoon YS, Hwang IK (2013) Valerian officinalis extract and its main component, valerenic acid, ameliorate D-galactose-induced reductions in memory, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation by reducing corticosterone levels and lipid peroxidation. Exp Gerontol 48:1369–1377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hendriks H, Bos R, Woerdenbag HJ, Koster AS (1985) Central nervous depressant activity of valerenic acid in the mouse. Planta Med 51:28–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ghafari S, Esmaeili S, Aref H, Naghibi F, Mosaddegh M (2009) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of some brands of valerian pharmaceutical products. Stud Ethno Med 3:61–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Fernández S, Wasowski C, Paladini AC, Marder M (2004) Sedative and sleep-enhancing properties of linarin, a flavonoid-isolated from Valeriana officinalis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 77:399–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was partly funded by The Foundation for Dietary Scientific Research (granted to Kazuo Kobayashi-Hattori).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan

    Kousuke Harada, Yuria Kato, Jun Takahashi, Hiyoko Imamura, Natsume Nakamura, Miki Tadaishi, Makoto Shimizu & Kazuo Kobayashi-Hattori

  2. Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan

    Atsuyoshi Nishina

  3. Botany Department, Pathein University, Main Rd, Pathein, Myanmar

    Nyunt Phay

Authors
  1. Kousuke Harada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuria Kato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jun Takahashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hiyoko Imamura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Natsume Nakamura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Atsuyoshi Nishina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Nyunt Phay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Miki Tadaishi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Makoto Shimizu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Kazuo Kobayashi-Hattori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazuo Kobayashi-Hattori.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(PDF 386 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Harada, K., Kato, Y., Takahashi, J. et al. The Effect of Methanolic Valeriana officinalis Root Extract on Adipocyte Differentiation and Adiponectin Production in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 75, 103–109 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-019-00790-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-019-00790-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation