Abstract
Background and aim
As global climate change intensifies, the frequency and duration of extreme droughts are predicted to increase, resulting in extended periods of reduced soil water availability across ecosystems. The allocation of carbon (C) to above- and below-ground plant biomass is a fundamental ecosystem property that varies spatially and temporally with water availability. Yet, how extreme drought affects biomass Cpools along an aridity gradient remains poorly understood.
Methods
To elucidate the effects of extreme drought on above- and belowground carbon storage, we conducted a 3-year (2015–2017) precipitation manipulation experiment (66% reduction in growing season precipitation) to simulate a multi-year extreme drought across six grasslands spanning an aridity gradient from desert steppe, typical steppe, and meadow steppe in northern China.
Results
Extreme drought significantly decreased aboveground biomass carbon (AGBC) and litter carbon (LC), but did not affect belowground biomass carbon (BGBC) across the six grasslands. As a result, grassland total carbon (TC) in plant biomass declined overall by ~10%. Across the aridity gradient, drought-induced reductions in AGBC and LC increased with increasing aridity (i.e., reductions were greater in desert steppe than meadow steppe). In contrast, extreme drought increased BGBC in the drier grasslands (desert steppe and typical steppe), but decreased BGBC in the more mesic meadow steppe sites.
Conclusion
We found that extreme drought elicited contrasting responses of plant above- and belowground carbon across an aridity gradient, and that regionally extreme drought will result in a loss of total plant carbon in grasslands dominated by aboveground plant carbon pools.
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Acknowledgements
This work was generated using data from the China EDGE Network, supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0604802, 2019YFE0117000) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971533, 41320104002). Support was provided to MDS, AKK and SLC by the Konza Prairie Long-term Ecological Research Program, the Drought-Net Research Coordination Network funded by the US National Science Foundation (DEB-1354732) and by the Macrosystems Biology/Emerging Frontiers Programs (EF-1137342, EF-1137378, EF-1137363).
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Jaman, M.S., Wu, H., Yu, Q. et al. Contrasting responses of plant above and belowground biomass carbon pools to extreme drought in six grasslands spanning an aridity gradient. Plant Soil 473, 167–180 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05258-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05258-4