Abstract
Accurate determination of the rhizotoxicity of Cu in dilute nutrient solutions is hindered by the difficulty of maintaining constant, pre-determined concentrations of Cu (micromolar) in solution. The critical Cu2+ activity associated with a reduction in the growth of solution-grown cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Caloona) was determined in a system in which Cu was maintained constant through the use of a cation exchange resin. The growth of roots and shoots was found to be reduced at solution Cu2+ activities ≥1.7 μM (corresponding to 90% maximum growth). Although root growth was most likely reduced due to a direct Cu2+ toxicity, it is considered that the shoot growth reduction is attributable to a decrease in tissue concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, and Fe and the formation of interveinal chlorosis. At high Cu2+ activities, roots were brown in color, short and thick, had bent root tips with cracking of the epidermis and outer cortex, and had local swellings behind the roots tips due to a reduction in cell elongation. Root hair growth was reduced at concentrations lower than that which caused a significant reduction in overall root fresh weight.
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Abbreviations
- CDTA:
-
cyclohexane-1,2-diaminetetra-acetic acid
- DI:
-
deionized
- EC:
-
electrical conductivity
- I:
-
ionic strength
- ICPAES:
-
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
- ICPMS:
-
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
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Kopittke, P.M., Menzies, N.W. Effect of Cu Toxicity on Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Plant Soil 279, 287–296 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-1578-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-1578-z