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Advances in the Use of Tocols as Drug Delivery Vehicles

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Abstract

There has been increasing interest in recent years in the drug delivery applications of tocols and their derivatives. Their biocompatibility and potential to deliver both poorly soluble and water-soluble drugs make tocols attractive as drug delivery vehicles. This review article will focus primarily on topical, oral, and parenteral drug administration using tocols, although other routes of delivery such as pulmonary and nasal will also be discussed. After an overview of the tocol structures, physicochemical properties with emphasis on their solvent properties, functions, and metabolism, specific case studies will be discussed where tocols have been successfully used in topical, oral, and parenteral drug formulations and marketed drug products. Case studies will be extended to those where tocol-based formulations were administered pulmonarily and nasally. As more clinical data and marketed drug products emerge, the utility and therapeutic value of tocols will certainly increase.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Professor Simon Benita of Hebrew University, School of Pharmacy, Jerusalem, Israel, and Dr. Lawrence Yu of the Food and Drug Administration Agency, CDER, Rockville, MD, for permission to include some of their published work in this review article. We are grateful to Dr. Andreas M. Papas of Yasoo Health Inc., Johnson City, TN, for providing the structures of tocopherols and tocotrienols and useful discussions on the function and metabolism of these molecules.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biopharmaceutical & Drug Delivery Consulting, LLC, P. O. Box 7565, Gurnee, Illinois, 60031, USA

    Panayiotis P. Constantinides

  2. Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK

    Jihong Han

  3. School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK

    Stanley S. Davis

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  1. Panayiotis P. Constantinides
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  2. Jihong Han
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  3. Stanley S. Davis
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Correspondence to Panayiotis P. Constantinides.

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Constantinides, P.P., Han, J. & Davis, S.S. Advances in the Use of Tocols as Drug Delivery Vehicles. Pharm Res 23, 243–255 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-005-9262-9

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