SpringerLink
Log in

Variation in radial growth and wood density of Cyclocarya paliurus across its natural distribution

  • Published:
New Forests Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As a multiple function tree species, Cyclocarya paliurus is planted and managed for timber production and medicinal use. However, it remains unclear to what extent geographical gradients in growth and wood quality are shaped by the environment. We used data of 197 trees from 22 natural populations to assess geographic variation patterns in radial growth and wood density, and their correlations with environmental factors. Significant differences in mean annual DBH and wood basic density were observed among the 22 populations (p < 0.05). Based on mean annual DBH and wood basic density, the 22 populations were classified into three groups by hierarchical cluster analysis. Within its natural distribution, soil nutrients are more closely associated with DBH growth than are temperature and precipitation. However, correlations between wood density versus altitude and annual precipitation were found (p < 0.01). Trend surface analysis revealed that mean annual DBH growth and wood density displayed an increasing trend from north-west to south-east across its natural distribution. Our study provides valuable insights into the geographical patterns in growth and wood quality of C. paliurus, and an opportunity to improve tree growth and wood quality through phenotypic selection and selecting suitable sites for planting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beaudoin M, Hernandez RE, Koubaa A, Poliquin J (1992) Interclonal, intraclonal and within-tree variation in wood density of poplar hybrid clones. Wood Fiber Sci 24:147–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergin DO, Kimberley MO, Low CB (2008) Provenance variation in Podocarpus totara (D. Don): growth, tree form and wood density on a coastal site in the north of the natural range, New Zealand. For Ecol Manag 255:1367–1378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Case MJ, Peterson DL (2005) Fine-scale variability in growth–climate relationships of Douglas-fir, North Cascade Range, Washington. Can J For Res 35:2743–2755

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chave J, Muller-Landau HC, Baker TR, Easdale TA, Steege H, Webb CO (2006) Regional and phylogenetic variation of wood density across 2456 Neotropical tree species. Ecol Appl 16:2356–2367

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cutter BE, Garrett HE (1993) Wood quality in alleycropped eastern black walnut. Agroforest Syst 22:25–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng B, Shang X, Fang S, Li Q, Fu X, Su J (2012) Integrated effects of light intensity and fertilization on growth and flavonoid accumulation in Cyclocarya paliurus. J Agric Food Chem 60:6286–6292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deng B, Fang S, Yang W, Tian Y, Shang X (2014) Provenance variation in growth and wood properties of juvenile Cyclocarya paliurus. New For 45:625–639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dipesh KC, Will RE, Lynch TB, Heinemann R, Holeman R (2015) Comparison of loblolly pine, shortleaf, and pitch × loblolly pine plantations growing in Oklahoma. For Sci 61(3):540–547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fang S, Yang W (2003) Interclonal and within-tree variation in wood properties of poplar clones. J For Res 14(4):263–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fang S, Yang W, Fu X (2004) Variation of microfibril angle and its correlation to wood properties in poplars. J For Res 15(4):261–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fang S, Wang J, Wei Z, Zhu Z (2006) Methods to break seed dormancy in Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Il**skaja. Sci Hortic 110:305–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fang S, Yang W, Chu X, Shang X, She C, Fu X (2011) Provenance and temporal variations in selected flavonoids in leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. Food Chem 124:1382–1386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu X, Zhou X, Deng B, Shang X, Fang S (2015) Seasonal and genotypic variation of water-soluble polysaccharide content in leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. South For 77(3):231–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griesbauer HP, Green DS (2012) Geographic and temporal patterns in white spruce climate–growth relationships in Yukon, Canada. For Ecol Manag 267:215–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez RE, Koubaa A, Beaudoin M, Fortin Y (1998) Selected mechanical properties of fast-growing poplar hybrid clones. Wood Fiber Sci 30:138–147

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hong J (1997) Study on physical and mechanical nature of Cyclocarya paliurus wood from its plantation. J Fujian Coll For 17(3):214–217 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurihara H, Fukami H, Kusumoto A, Toyoda Y, Shibata H, Matsui Y (2003) Hypoglycemic action of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Il**skaja in normal and diabetic mice. Biosci Biotech Bioch 67(4):877–880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lasserre JP, Mason EG, Watt MS (2005) The effects of different genetic populations and spacing on Pinus radiata corewood modulus of elasticity in an 11-year-old experiment. For Ecol Manag 205:375–383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lasserre JP, Mason EG, Watt MS, Moore JR (2009) Influence of initial planting spacing and genotype on microfibril angle, wood density, fibre properties and modulus of elasticity in Pinus radiata D. Don corewood. For Ecol Manag 258:1924–1931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levkoev E, Kilpeläinen A, Luostarinen K, Pulkkinen P, Mehtätalo L, Ikonen V, Jaatinen R, Zhigunov A, Kangas J, Peltola H (2017) Differences in growth and wood density in clones and provenance hybrid clones of Norway spruce. Can J For Res 47:389–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Liu Y, Fang S, Tian Y (2015) Tree species composition influenced microbial diversity and nitrogen availability in rhizosphere soil. Plant Soil Environ 10:438–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Qian C, Ding S, Shang X, Yang W, Fang S (2016) Effect of light regime and provenance on leaf characteristics, growth and flavonoid accumulation in Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Il**skaja coppices. Bot Stud 57:28

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu R (2000) The analysis method of soil agricultural chemistry. China Agriculture Science and Technique Press, Bei**g, pp 146–185 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao R, Zeng DH, Ai GY, Yang D, Li LJ, Liu YX (2010) Soil microbiological and chemical effects of a nitrogen-fixing shrub in poplar plantations in semi-arid region of Northeast China. Eur J Soil Biol 46:325–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martínez-Cabrera HI, Jones CS, Espino S, Schenk HJ (2009) Wood anatomy and wood density in shrubs: responses to varying aridity along transcontinental transects. Am J Bot 96:1388–1398

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Missanjo E, Matsumura J (2016) Wood density and mechanical properties of Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon in Malawi. Forests 7:135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pillai PKC, Pandalai RC, Dhamodaran TK, Sankaran KV (2013) Effect of silvicultural practices on fibre properties of Eucalyptus wood from short-rotation plantations. New For 44:521–532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinto PE, Bontemps J, Pierrat J, Franceschini T, Gelhaye P, Gégout J, Leban JM (2016) Investigating the possible impact of atmospheric CO2 increase on Araucaria araucana wood density. Eur J For Res 135:389–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pliura A, Zhang SY, MacKay J, Bousquet J (2007) Genotypic variation in wood density and growth traits of poplar hybrids at four clonal trials. For Ecol Manag 238:92–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prior LD (2012) Variation in stem radial growth of the Australian conifer, Callitris columellaris, across the world’s driest and least fertile vegetated continent. Trees 26:1169–1179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith DM (1954) Maximum moisture content method for determining specific gravity of small wood samples. Report No. 2014, U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service

  • Smith KT (2008) An organismal view of dendrochronology. Dendrochronologia 26:185–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sotelo Montes C, Hernàndez RE, Beaulieu J, Weber JC (2006) Genetic variation and correlations between growth and wood density of Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth. at an early age in the Peruvian Amazon. Silvae Genet 55:217–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sotelo Montes C, Weber JC, Garcia RA, Silva DA, Muñiz GIB (2017) Variation in growth, wood stiffness and density, and correlations between growth and wood stiffness and density in five tree and shrub species in the Sahelian and Sudanian ecozones of Mali. Trees 31:833–849

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • State Forestry Administration (2011) China Forestry Development Report 2010. China Forestry Publishing House, Bei**g

    Google Scholar 

  • Swenson NG, Enquist BJ (2007) Ecological and evolutionary determinants of a key plant functional trait: wood density and its community-wide variation across latitude and elevation. Am J Bot 94:451–459

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas RL, Sheard RW, Moyer JP (1967) Comparison of conventional and automated procedures for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium analysis of plant material using a single digest. Agron J 99:240–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watt MS, Clinton PW, Coker G, Davis MR, Simcock R, Parfitt RL, Dando J (2008) Modelling the influence of environment and stand characteristics on basic density and modulus of elasticity for young Pinus radiata and Cupressus lusitanica. For Ecol Manag 255:1023–1033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiemann MC, Williamson GB (2002) Geographic variation in wood specific gravity: effects of latitude, temperature and precipitation. Wood Fiber Sci 34:96–107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • **e J, Liu X, Shen M, Nie S, Zhang H, Li C, **e M (2013) Purification, physicochemical characterization and anticancer activity of a polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves. Food Chem 136:1453–1460

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yao X, Lin Z, Jiang C, Gao M, Wang Q, Yao N, Ma Y, Li Y, Fang S, Shang X, Ni Y, Zhang J, Yin Z (2015) Cyclocarya paliurus prevents high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia and obesity in Sprague–Dawley rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 93:677–686

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang SY, Yu Q, Chauret G, Koubaa A (2003) Selection for both growth and wood properties in hybrid poplar clones. For Sci 49:901–908

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Huang N, Lu J, Li X, Wang Y, Yang L, **ao K (2010) Water-soluble phenolic compounds and their anti-HIV-1 activities from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. J Food Drug Anal 18:398–404

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang SB, Ferry SJW, Zhang JL, Cao KF (2011) Spatial patterns of wood traits in China are controlled by phylogeny and environment. Global Ecol Biogeogr 20:241–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Xu M, Wang X, Huang Q, Nie J, Li Z, Li S, Hwang SW, Lee KB (2012) Effects of organic amendments on soil carbon sequestration in paddy fields of subtropical China. J Soils Sediment 12:457–470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Number: 31470637) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). The authors would like to thank Dr. Bo Deng, Mr. Qingliang Liu, and many other graduate students from Nan**g Forestry University for their contribution and assistance to this research. We are indebted to the handling editor and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and English corrections on the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Forestry, Nan**g Forestry University, Nan**g, 210037, China

    Shengzuo Fang, Daiyan Sun, Xulan Shang, **angxiang Fu & Wanxia Yang

  2. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nan**g Forestry University, Nan**g, 210037, China

    Shengzuo Fang, Xulan Shang, **angxiang Fu & Wanxia Yang

Authors
  1. Shengzuo Fang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Daiyan Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xulan Shang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. **angxiang Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wanxia Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shengzuo Fang.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fang, S., Sun, D., Shang, X. et al. Variation in radial growth and wood density of Cyclocarya paliurus across its natural distribution. New Forests 51, 453–467 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-019-09742-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-019-09742-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation