Abstract
In this paper, a novel four-image encryption method using biometric keys based on a compressive phase retrieval algorithm is proposed. In the encryption procedure, each input image to be encrypted is initially encoded in sparse data by using a phase retrieval algorithm, which is further combined with a distinct biometric phase mask key. This approach increases the non-linearity of the encryption process and also offers an additional layer of system security against unauthorized attacks. In the system, multiple phase keys from a single biometric hologram by changing the reconstruction parameters during the numerical reconstruction process are generated. The digital nature of the key generation process makes it available at encryption and decryption stages. In addition, the advantage associated with the proposed scheme is related to achieve in reducing space for data storage and transmission over a communication channel. The algorithms to implement the proposed scheme are discussed, and the results of the numerical simulations have presented the effectiveness of the proposed four-image encryption scheme that exhibits better performance in comparison to the reported methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alfalou A, Brosseau C (2009) Optical image compression and encryption methods. Adv Opt Photon 1:589–636
Alfalou A, Mansour A (2009) Double random phase encryption scheme to multiplex and simultaneous encode multiple images. Appl Opt 48:5933–5947
Chen W, Chen X (2014) Double random phase encoding using phase reservation and compression. J Opt 16:025402
Chen W, Chen X, Stern A, Javidi B (2013) Phase-modulated optical system with sparse representation for information encoding and authentication. IEEE Photon J 5:6900113
Chen JX, Zhu ZL, Fu C, Yu H, Zhang LB (2015) Gyrator transform based double random phase encoding with sparse representation for information authentication. Opt Laser Technol 70:50–58
Chen J, Zhu ZL, Fu C, Zhang LB, Zhang Y (2017) Information authentication using sparse representation of double random phase encoding in fractional Fourier transform domain. Opt. 136:1–7
Chhabra P, Garg N, Kumar M (2018) Content-based image retrieval system using ORB and SIFT features. Neural Comput Applic 32:2725–2733
Di H, Kang Y, Liu Y, Zhang X (2016) Multiple image encryption by phase retrieval. Opt Eng 55:073103
Diab SL (2011) Develo** an algorithm for compression, multiplexing and enhancement of multiple images. Opt Laser Technol 43:838–847
Ferdush J, Begum M, Shorif Uddin M (2021) Chaotic lightweight cryptosystem for image encryption. Adv Multimed. 1–16
Garg D, Garg NK, Kumar M (2018) Underwater image enhancement using blending of CLAHE and percentile methodologies. Multimed Tools Appl 77:26545–26561
Gong Q, Liu X, Li G, Qin Y (2013) Multiple-image encryption and authentication with sparse representation by space multiplexing. Appl Opt 31:7486–7493
Gupta S, Kumar M, Garg A (2019) Improved object recognition results using SIFT and ORB feature detector. Multimed Tools Appl 78:34157–341714
Gupta S, Thakur K, Kumar M (2021) 2D-human face recognition using SIFT and SURF descriptors of face's feature regions. Vis Comput 37:447–456
Hazer A, Yıldırım R (2021) A review of single and multiple optical image encryption techniques. J Opt 23:13501
Hwang HE, Chang HT, Lie WN (2009) Multiple-image encryption and multiplexing using a modifified gerchberg saxton algorithm and phase modulation in Fresnel-transform domain. Opt Lett 34:3917–3919
Javidi B, Takanori N (2000) Securing information by use of digital holography. Opt Lett 25:28–30
Kumar M, Chhabra P, Garg NK (2018) An efficient content based image retrieval system using BayesNet and K-NN. Multimed Tools Appl 77:21557–21570
Kumar M, Singh N, Kumar R, Goel S, Kumar K (2021) Gait recognition based on vision systems: a systematic survey. J Vis Commun Image Represent 75:103052
Liu Z, Liu S (2007) Double image encryption based on iterative fractional Fourier transform. Opti Commun 275:324–329
Liu H, Zhao B, Zou J, Huang L, Liu Y (2020) A lightweight image encryption algorithm based on message passing and chaotic map. Secur Commun Netw. 1–12
Nishchal NK, Joseph J, Singh K (2004) Securing information using fractional Fourier transform in digital holography. Opt Commun 235:253–259
Nomura T, Javidi B (2000) Optical encryption using a joint transform correlator architecture. Opt Eng 39:2031–2035
Peng X, Zhang P, Wei H, Yu B (2006) Known-plaintext attack on optical encryption based on double random phase keys. Opt Lett 31:1044–1046
Peng X, Wei H, Zhang P (2006) Chosen-plaintext attack on lens less double-random phase encoding in the Fresnel domain. Opt Lett 31:3261–3263
Pérez-Cabré E, Cho M, Javidi B (2011) Information authentication using photon-counting double-random-phase encrypted images. Opt Lett 36:22–24
Perez-Cabre E, Abril H, Millán M, Javidi B (2012) Photon counting double-random-phase encoding for secure image verification and retrieval. J Opt 14:094001
Qin W, Peng X (2010) Asymmetric cryptosystem based on phase-truncated Fourier transforms. Opt Lett 35:118–120
Rajput SK, Kumar D, Nishchal NK (2015) Photon counting imaging and phase mask multiplexing for multiple images authentication and digital hologram security. Appl Opt 54:1657–1666
Rawat N, Muniraj I, Kim B, Situ G, Lee BG (2015) Compressive sensing based robust multispectral double image encryption. Appl Opt 54:1782–1793
Refregier P, Javidi B (1995) Optical image encryption based on input plane encoding and Fourier plane random encoding. Opt Lett 20:767–769
Saini N, Sinha A (2013) Biometrics based key management of double random phase encoding scheme using error control codes. Opt Lasers Eng 5:1014–1022
Schnars U (1994) Direct phase determination in hologram interferometry with use of digitally recorded holograms. J Opt Soc Am A 11:2011–2015
Singh N, Sinha A (2008) Optical image encryption using fractional Fourier transform and chaos. Opt Lasers Eng 46:117–123
Situ G, Zhang J (2004) Double random-phase encoding in the Fresnel domain. Opt Lett 29:1584–1586
Situ G, Zhang J (2004) A lens less optical security system based on computer-generated phase only masks. Opt Commun 232:115–122
Situ G, Zhang J (2005) Multiple image encryption by wavelength multiplexing. Opt Lett 30:1306–1305
Suzuki H, Yamaya T, Obi T, Yamaguchi M, Ohyama N (2004) Fingerprint verification for smart card holders identification based on optical image encryption. J Opt 33:37–44
Suzuki H, Yamaguchi M, Yachida M, Ohyama N, Tashima H, Obi T (2006) Experimental evaluation of fingerprint verification system based on double random phase encoding. Opt Express 14:1755–1766
Unnikrishnan G, Joseph J, Singh K (2000) Optical encryption by double-random phase encoding in the fractional Fourier domain. Opt Lett 25:887–889
Verma G, Sinha A (2016) Securing information using optically generated biometric keys. J Opt 18:115701
Verma G, Liao M, Lu D, He W, Peng X, Sinha A (2019) An optical asymmetric encryption scheme with biometric keys. Opt Lasers Eng 116:32–40
Verma G, Liao M, Lu D, He W, Peng X (2019) A novel optical two-factor face authentication scheme. Opt Lasers Eng 123:28–36
Verma G, He W, Lu D, Lao M, Peng X, Healy J, Sheridan J (2021) Securing multiple information using bio-chaotic keys. IEEE Photon J 13:1–17
Wang Q, Guo Q, Lei L, Zhou JY (2013) Multiple-image encryption based on interference principle and phase only mask multiplexing in Fresnel transform domain. Appl Opt 52:6849–6857
Wang X, Chen W, Chen X (2015) Optical encryption and authentication based on phase retrieval and sparsity constraints. IEEE Photon J. 7:7800310
Wu J, Luo X, Zhou N (2013) Four-image encryption method based on spectrum truncation, chaos and the MODFrFT. Opt Laser Technol 45:571–577
Yang G, Shuming J, Juncheng F, Ting L, Zhenwei X, **aocong Y (2020) Multiple-image encryption and hiding with an optical diffractive neural network. Opt Commun 463:125476
Yu C, Li J, Li X, Ren X, Gupta BB (2018) Four-image encryption scheme based on quaternion Fresnel transform, chaos and computer generated hologram. Multimed Tools Appl 77:4585–4608
Zhang Y, Wang B (2008) Optical image encryption based on interference. Opt Lett 33:2443–2445
Zhang X, Zhang L (2022) Multiple-image encryption algorithm based on chaos and gene fusion. Multimed Tools Appl:1–22
Zhang X, Seo SH, Wang C (2018) A lightweight encryption method for privacy protection in surveillance videos. IEEE Access 6:18074–18087
Zhang X, Meng X, Yin Y, Yang X, Wang Y, Li X, Peng X, He W, Dong G, Chen H (2018) Two-level image authentication by two-step phase-shifting interferometry and compressive sensing. Opt Lasers Eng 100:118–123
Zhang J, Yang D, Ma R, Shi Y (2021) Multi-image and color image encryption via multi-slice ptychographic encoding. Opt Commun 485:126762
Zhao T, Ran Q, Yuan L, Chi Y, Ma J (2015) Image encryption using fingerprint as key based on phase retrieval algorithm and public key cryptography. Opt Lasers Eng 72:12–17
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest/competing interests
The authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of financial or non-financial interests regarding the manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Verma, G., He, W. & Peng, X. A novel four image encryption approach in sparse domain based on biometric keys. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 22889–22904 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-14801-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-14801-7