Abstract
We determined the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) of Spilonota lechriaspis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The entire closed circular molecule is 15,368 bp and contains 37 genes with the typical gene complement and order for lepidopteran mtgenomes. All tRNAs except tRNASer(AGN) can be folded into the typical cloverleaf secondary structures. The protein-coding genes (PCGs) have typical mitochondrial start codons, with the exception of COI, which uses the unusual CGA one as is found in all other Lepidoptera sequenced to date. In addition, six of 13 PCGs harbor the incomplete termination codons, a single T. The A + T-rich region contains some conserved structures that are similar to those found in other lepidopteran mtgenomes, including a structure combining the motif ‘ATAGA’, a 19-bp poly(T) stretch and three microsatellite (AT)n elements which are part of larger 122+ bp macrorepeats. This is the first report of macrorepeats in a lepidopteran mtgenome.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Fenn JD, Song H, Cameron SL, Whiting MF (2008) A mitochondrial genome phylogeny of Orthoptera (Insecta) and approaches to maximizing phylogenetic signal found within mitochondrial genome data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 49:59–68
Dowton M, Cameron SL, Austin AD, Whiting MF (2009) Phylogenetic approaches for the analysis of mitochondrial genome sequence data in the Hymenoptera—a lineage with both rapidly and slowly evolving mitochondrial genomes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 52:512–519
Cameron SL, Sullivan J, Song H, Miller KB, Whiting MF (2009) A mitochondrial genome phylogeny of the Neuropterida (lace-wings, alderflies and snakeflies) and their relationship to the other holometabolous insect orders. Zool Scr 38:575–590
Sheffield NC, Song H, Cameron SL, Whiting MF (2009) Nonstationary evolution and compositional heterogeneity in beetle mitochondrial phylogenomics. Syst Biol 58:381–394
Song H, Sheffield NC, Cameron SL, Miller KB, Whiting MF (2010) What happens when the phylogenetic assumptions are violated?: the effect of base compositional heterogeneity and among-site rate heterogeneity in beetle mitochondrial phylogenomics. Syst Entomol 35:429–448
Covacin C, Shao R, Cameron SL, Barker SC (2006) Extraordinary amounts of gene rearrangement in the mitochondrial genomes of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Insect Mol Biol 15:63–68
Cameron SL, Johnson KP, Whiting MF (2007) The mitochondrial genome of the screamer louse Bothriometopus (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera): effects of extensive gene rearrangements on the evolution of the genome as a whole. J Mol Evol 65:589–604
Sheffield NC, Song H, Cameron SL, Whiting MF (2008) A comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes in Coleoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) and genome descriptions of six new beetles. Mol Biol Evol 25:2499–2509
Dowton M, Cameron SL, Dowavic JI, Austin AD, Whiting MF (2009) Characterization of 66 mitochondrial gene rearrangements in the Hymenoptera reveal underlying trends in mitochondrial genome evolution. Mol Biol Evol 26:1607–1617
Wolstenholme DR, Clary DO (1985) Sequence evolution of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA. Genetics 109:725–744
Lee ES, Shin KS, Kim MS, Park H, Cho S, Kim CB (2006) The mitochondrial genome of the smaller tea tortrix Adoxophyes honmai (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Gene 373:52–57
Boore JL (1999) Animal mitochondrial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 27:1767–1780
Taanman JW (1999) The mitochondrial genome: structure, transcription, translation and replication. Biochim Biophys Acta 1410:103–123
Hu J, Zhang DX, Hao JS, Huang DY, Cameron S, Zhu CD (2009) The complete mitochondrial genome of the yellow coaster, Acraea issoria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae: Acraeini): sequence, gene organization and a unique tRNA translocation event. Mol Biol Rep. doi:10.1007/s11033-009-9934-3
Horak M, Brown RL (1991) Tortricid pests, their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 23–48
Roelofs WL, Brown RL (1982) Pheromones and evolutionary relationships of Tortricidae. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 13:396–422
Liu YQ, Li GW (2002) Fauna sinica, insect vol.27, Lepidoptera,Tortricidae. Science Press, Bei**g, pp 315–316
Park KT, Cheo KY, Paik JC, Han SC (1977) Lepidopterous insect pest on apple tree. Korean J Plant Prot 16(1):33–39
Simon C, Frati F, Bekenbach A, Crespi B, Liu H, Flook P (1994) Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain-reaction primers. Ann Entomol Soc Am 87:651–701
Hall TA (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41:95–98
Lowe TM, Eddy SR (1997) tRNAscan-SE: a program for improved detection of transfer RNA genes in genomic sequence. Nucleic Acids Res 25:955–964
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24:1596–1599
Crozier RH, Crozier YC (1993) The mitochondrial genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera: complete sequence and genome organization. Genetics 133:97–117
Dotson EM, Beard CB (2001) Sequence and organization of the mitochondrial genome of the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma dimidiata. Insect Mol Biol 10(3):205–215
Fenn JD, Cameron SL, Whiting MF (2007) The complete mitochondrial genome of the mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex: Tettigoniidae: Orthoptera) and an analysis of control region variability. Insect Mol Biol 16:239–252
Caterino MS, Sperling FA (1999) Papilio phylogeny based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 11:122–137
Yukuhiro K, Sezutsu H, Itoh M, Shimizu K, Banno Y (2002) Significant levels of sequence divergence and gene rearrangements have occurred between the mitochondrial genomes of the wild mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mandarina, and its close relative, the domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Evol 19:1385–1389
Pan MH, Yu QY, **a YL, Dai FY, Liu YQ, Lu C, Zhang Z, **ang ZH (2008) Characterization of mitochondrial genome of Chinese wild mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mandarina (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Sci China Ser C 51(8):693–701
Kim I, Lee EM, Seol KY, Yun EY, Lee YB, Hwang JS, ** BR (2006) The mitochondrial genome of the Korean hairstreak, Coreana raphaelis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Insect Mol Biol 15:217–225
Liu YQ, Li YP, Pan MH, Dai FY, Zhu XW, Lu C, **ang ZH (2008) The complete mitochondrial genome of the Chinese oak silkmoth, Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 40(8):693–703
Kim SR, Kim MI, Hong MY, Kim KY, Kang PD, Hwang JS, Han YS, ** BR, Kim I (2009) The complete mitogenome sequence of the Japanese oak silkmoth, Antheraea yamamai (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Mol Biol Rep 36(7):1871–1880
Frohlich DR, Stevenson BA, Peterson AM, Wells MA (1996) Mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I of Manduca sexta and a comparison with other invertebrate genes. Comp Biochem Physiol B 113B:785–788
Yang L, Wei ZJ, Hong GY, Jiang ST, Wen LP (2009) The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Phthonandria atrilineata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Mol Biol Rep 36:1441–1449
Cameron SL, Whiting MF (2008) The complete mitochondrial genome of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), and an examination of mitochondrial gene variability within butterflies and moths. Gene 408:112–123
Salvato P, Simonato M, Battisti A, Negrisolo E (2008) The complete mitochondrial genome of the bag-shelter moth Ochrogaster lunifer (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae). BMC Genomics 9:331
Hong G, Jiang ST, Yu M, Yang Y, Li F, Xue F, Wei ZJ (2009) The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the cabbage butterfly, Artogeia melete (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 41(6):446–455
Jiang ST, Hong GY, Yu M, Li N, Yang Y, Liu YQ, Wei ZJ (2009) Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the giant silkworm moth, Eriogyna pyretorum (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Int J Biol Sci 5(4):351–365
Ojala D, Montoya J, Attardi G (1981) tRNA punctuation model of RNA processing in human mitochondria. Nature 290:470–474
Lavrov DV, Brown WM, Boore JL (2000) A novel type of RNA editing occurs in the mitochondrial tRNAs of the centipede Lithobius forficatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:13738–13742
Hong MY, Lee EM, Jo YH, Park HC, Kim SR, Hwang JS, ** BR, Kang PD, Kim KG, Han YS, Kim I (2008) Complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the mitogenome of the silk moth Caligula boisduvalii (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) and comparison with other lepidopteran insects. Gene 413(1–2):49–57
Coates BS, Sumerford DV, Hellmich RL, Lewis LC (2005) Partial mitochondrial genome sequence of Ostrinia nubilalis and Ostrinia furnicalis. Int J Biol Sci 1:13–18
Sheffield NC, Song H, Cameron SL, Whiting MF (2008) A comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes in Coleoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) and genome descriptions of six new beetles. Mol Biol Evol 25(11):2499–2509
Wei SJ, Tang P, Zheng LH, Shi M, Chen XX (2010) The complete mitochondrial genome of Evania appendigaster (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) has low A + T content and a long intergenic spacer between atp8 and atp6. Mol Biol Rep 37:1931–1942
Clayton DA (1992) Transcription and replication of animal mitochondrial DNA. Int Rev Cyt 141:217–232
Cameron SL, Whiting MF (2007) Mitochondrial genomic comparisons of the subterranean termites from the Genus Reticulitermes (Insecta: Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Genome 50:188–202
Cameron SL, Dowton M, Castro LR, Ruberu K, Whiting MF, Austin AD, Diement K, Stevens J (2008) The sequence of the mitochondrial genomes of two vespid wasps reveals a number of derived tRNA gene rearrangements. Genome 51:800–808
Acknowledgments
Prof. Qi-Lian Qin and his lab members (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) kindly provide advices and facilities in sequence cloning. We also thank Wen-juan Xuan and Na-na Liu (College of Life Sciences, Nan**g Normal University), Fu-qiang Chen, Feng Yuan, Wen-fu Li (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for their comments on the manuscript and kindly help in specimen identification or data analysis. This project was supported mainly by Bei**g Municipal Natural Science Foundation (6081002), the Public Welfare Project from the Ministry of Agriculture, China (Grant no. 200803006), and partially by the Innovation Program in the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-NF-02), grants from the National Science Foundation, China (30870268, J0930004) to Chaodong Zhu.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, JL., Zhang, YY., Luo, AR. et al. The complete mitochondrial genome of Spilonota lechriaspis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Mol Biol Rep 38, 3757–3764 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-010-0491-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-010-0491-6