Abstract
The work is a brief review of the results obtained in nonautonomous dynamics based on the concept of uniform equivalence of nonautonomous systems. This approach to the study of nonautonomous systems was proposed in [24] and further developed in the works of the second author, and recently — jointly by both authors. Such an approach seems to be fruitful and promising, since it allows one to develop a nonautonomous analogue of the theory of dynamical systems for the indicated classes of systems and give a classification of some natural classes of nonautonomous systems using combinatorial type invariants. We show this for classes of nonautonomous gradient-like vector fields on closed manifolds of dimensions one, two, and three. In the latter case, a new equivalence invariant appears, the wild embedding type for stable and unstable manifolds [5, 8], as shown in a recent paper by the authors [19].
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. M. Akhmet’ev, T. V. Medvedev, and O. V. Pochinka, “On the number of the classes of topological conjugacy of Pixton diffeomorphisms,” Qual. Theory Dyn. Syst., 20, 76 (2021).
V. M. Alekseev and S. V. Fomin, “Mikhail Valerievich Bebutov,” Usp. Mat. Nauk, 25, No 3, 237–239 (1970).
L. Amerio, “Soluzioni quasiperiodiche, o limitate, di sistemi differenziali non lineari quasiperiodici, o limitati,” Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., 39, 97–119 (1955).
D. V. Anosov, “Geodesic flows on closed Riemannian manifolds of negative curvature,” Tr. MIAN, 90, 3–210 (1967).
E. Artin and R. Fox, “Some wild cells and spheres in three-dimensional space,” Ann. Math., 49, 979–990 (1948).
L. Barreira and C. Valls, Stability of Nonautonomous Differential Equations, Springer, Berlin–Heidelberg (2008).
S. Bochner, “Sur les fonctions presque périodiques de Bohr,” C. R., 180, 1156–1158 (1925).
Ch. Bonatti and V. Grines, “Knots as topological invariant for gradient-like diffeomorphisms of the sphere S3,” J. Dyn. Control Syst., 6, No 4, 579–602 (2000).
Ch. Bonatti, V. Grines, V. Medvedev, and E. Pecou, “Topological classification of gradient-like diffeomorphisms on 3-manifolds,” Topology, 43, 369–391 (2004).
C. Bonatti, V. Z. Grines, and O. Pochinka, “Topological classification of Morse–Smale diffeomorphisms on 3-manifolds,” Duke Math. J., 168, No 13, 2507–2558 (2019).
J. Cerf, Sur les Difféomorphismes de la Sphére de Dimension Trois (Γ4=0), Springer, Berlin (1968).
W. A. Coppel, Stability and Asymptotic Behavior of Differential Equations, D.C. Heath and Company, Boston (1965).
C. Corduneanu, Almost Periodic Oscillations and Waves, Springer, New York (2009).
Yu. L. Daletskiy and M. G. Kreyn, Stability of Solutions of Differential Equations in a Banach Space [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1970).
R. J. Daverman and G. A. Venema, Embedding in Manifolds, AMS, Providence (2009).
B. P. Demidovich, Lectures on the Mathematical Theory of Stability [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1967).
J. Favard, “Sur les e\(\acute{\mathrm{q}}\)uations différentielles á coefficients presque-periodiques,” Acta Math., 51, 31–81 (1927).
S. V. Gonchenko, L. P. Shilnikov, and D. V. Turaev, “On dynamical properties of multidimensional diffeomorphisms from Newhouse regions,” Nonlinearity, 21, No 5, 923–972 (2008).
V. Z. Grines and L. M. Lerman, “Nonautonomous vector fields on S3: simple dynamics and wild separatrix embedding,” Teor. Mat. Fiz., 212, No 1, 15–32 (2022).
V. Grines, T. Medvedev, and O. Pochinka, Dynamical Systems on 2-and 3-Manifolds, Springer, Cham (2016).
O. G. Harrold, H. C. Griffith, and E. E. Posey, “A characterization of tame curves in three-space,” Trans. Am. Math. Soc., 79, 12–34 (1955).
L. M. Lerman, On Nonautonomous Dynamical Systems of the Morse–Smale Type, Thesis, Gor’k. Gos. Univ., Gor’kiy (1975).
L. M. Lerman and E. V. Gubina, “Nonautonomous gradient-like vector fields on the circle: classification, structural stability and autonomization,” Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. S., 13, No 4, 1341–1367 (2020).
L. M. Lerman and L. P. Shil’nikov, “On the classification of rough nonautonomous systems with a finite number of cells,” Dokl. AN SSSR, 209, No 3, 544–547 (1973).
L. M. Lerman and L. P. Shilnikov, “Homoclinical structures in nonautonomous systems: nonautonomous chaos,” Chaos, 2, No 3, 447–454 (1992).
B. M. Levitan and V. V. Zhikov, Almost Periodic Functions and Differential Equations [in Russian], MSU, Moscow (1978).
L. Marcus, “Asymptotically autonomous differential equations,” In: Contributions to the Theory of Nonlinear Oscillations III, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, pp. 17–29 (1956).
J. L. Massera and J. J. Sch¨affer, Linear Differential Equations and Function Spaces, Academic Press, New York–London (1966).
B. Mazur, “A note on some contractible 4-manifolds,” Ann. Math., 73, No 1, 221–228 (1961).
A. D. Morozov and K. E. Morozov, “Transitory shift in the flutter problem,” Nelin. Dinamika, 11, No 3, 447–457 (2015).
B. A. Mosovsky and J. D. Meiss, “Transport in transitory dynamical systems,” SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst., 10, No 1, 35–65 (2011).
M. H. Newman, Elements of the Topology of Plane Sets of Points, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (1964).
O. Perron, “Die Stabilit¨atsfrage bei Differentialgleichungen,” Math. Z., 32, 703–728 (1930).
D. Pixton, “Wild unstable manifolds,” Topology, 16, No 2, 167–172 (1977).
O. Pochinka and D. Shubin, “On 4-dimensional flows with wildly embedded invariant manifolds of a periodic orbit,” Appl. Math. Nonlinear Sci. Ser., 5, No 2, 261–266 (2020).
G. Sell, “Nonautonomous differential equations and topological dynamics. I,” Trans. Am. Math. Soc., 127, 241–262 (1967).
G. Sell, “Nonautonomous differential equations and topological dynamics II,” Trans. Am. Math. Soc., 127, 263–283 (1967).
S. Smale, “Morse inequality for a dynamical systems,” Bull. Am. Math. Soc., 66, 43–49 (1960).
A. G. Vainshtein and L. M. Lerman, “Nonautonomous extensions over diffeomorphisms and proximity geometry,” Usp. Mat. Nauk, 31, No 5, 231–232 (1976).
A. G. Vainshtein and L. M. Lerman, “Uniform structures and equivalence of diffeomorphisms,” Mat. Zametki, 23, No 5, 739–752 (1978).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Sovremennaya Matematika. Fundamental’nye Napravleniya (Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions), Vol. 68, No. 4, Differential and Functional Differential Equations, 2022.
V. Z. Grines is deceased.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Grines, V.Z., Lerman, L.M. Nonautonomous Dynamics: Classification, Invariants, and Implementation. J Math Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10958-024-07238-2
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10958-024-07238-2