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Nanoceria-decorated Graphene Nanosheets Enhance Mechanical Properties and Bioactivity of a Degradable Polyurethane for Biomedical Applications

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Abstract

Redox-modulating ceria nanoparticles can impart bioactivity to biodegradable polymers for tissue regeneration but are limited by poor dispersion in the polymer matrix. Toward the development of biodegradable multifunctional biomaterials, cerium oxide (ceria)-decorated graphene-based hybrid nanoparticles were used as nanofillers in a polyurethane matrix. The polyurethane was synthesized using olive oil-based polyol to impart degradability to the composite. Hybrid nanoparticles consisting of ceria anchored on graphene sheets were synthesized by the hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the anchoring of ceria nanoparticles on the graphene sheets. Polyurethane composites were prepared by in situ polymerization. Hybrid nanoparticle-infused composites showed uniform dispersion, unlike the agglomerated particles in ceria-infused composites. The hybrid nanocomposite showed improved mechanical properties compared to the ceria nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was non-toxic to pre-osteoblasts. The polyurethane demonstrated enhanced radical-scavenging potential after adding the hybrid nanoparticles in contrast to a neat polymer or graphene oxide-infused composite. The cells exhibited improved osteogenic differentiation on the hybrid composites than on the neat polyurethane or the GO-composite. Thus, the graphene and ceria in the hybrid particles synergistically render multifunctional properties to polyurethanes for potential application in bone tissue regeneration.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Ujjval Bansal for his help in the TEM analysis. We thank Mr. Pritiranjan Mondal for his assistance in the Raman experiments and Ms. Sankeerthana Avasarala for her help in the TGA experiments. We thank AFMM and NNCF at IISc for access to characterization facilities.

Funding

This work was funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Goveremernt of India (DST/NM/NB/2018/119(G)).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, 560012, Bangalore, India

    Sagar Nilawar, Mohankumar BS & Kaushik Chatterjee

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  1. Sagar Nilawar
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Contributions

Sagar Nilawar designed the study, performed experiments, analyzed data, and prepared the first draft of the manuscript. Mohankumar BS performed the experiments and analyzed the data. Kaushik Chatterjee designed the study, edited the manuscript, acquired funding, and supervised the work as the senior author.

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Correspondence to Kaushik Chatterjee.

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Supporting Information

Supporting figures of reaction scheme demonstrating the synthesis of polyurethane from olive oil, TGA analysis of different particles, FTIR analysis of the various nanocomposites, AFM micrographs of PU and composites, % inhibition of DPPH free radicals for various nanocomposites and WST-1 assay for cell viability against ROS for various nanocomposites, SBF immersion assay analysis.

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Nilawar, S., BS, M. & Chatterjee, K. Nanoceria-decorated Graphene Nanosheets Enhance Mechanical Properties and Bioactivity of a Degradable Polyurethane for Biomedical Applications. J Polym Environ 31, 2941–2955 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02786-1

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