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Gaps in HIV and Hepatitis C Testing Among 3486 HIV-Negative Men Who have Sex with Men in Spain in the Era of Highly Effective Antiviral Therapies

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Abstract

High uptake of HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) testing in Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) is needed to interrupt transmission. The objective was to identify subgroups with increased probability of lack of testing among HIV-negative GBMSM in Spain. Cross-sectional study including 3486 HIV-negative GBMSM attending prevention facilities in Madrid and Barcelona, 2018–2020. Data came from self-administered online sociodemographic, health, and risk behaviors questionnaires. Outcomes were lack of HCV (lifetime) and HIV (lifetime, last year) testing. Crude and adjusted prevalences and prevalence ratios were assessed for each outcome using negative binomial regression models. Lifetime lack of HIV and HCV testing prevalence was 6.3% and 35.8%, respectively, while lack of HIV testing in the last year was 22.4%. Prevalences were also substantial in GBMSM with high-risk behaviors. After sociodemographic adjustment, the highest probability of lack of HCV testing (lifetime) and HIV (last year) was among GBMSM with insufficient viral hepatitis knowledge, no history of STI, or HCV (or HIV) testing, aged < 25, non-outness about sex life with men, and less high-risk behaviors. Lack of HCV (lifetime) and HIV testing (last year) among HIV-negative GBMSM in Spain is still high, despite high-risk behaviors.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study may be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The Methysos Project Group: María del Carmen Burgos and César Pérez Romero (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid); José Antonio San Juan Bueno (Asociación Pink Peace, Madrid); Francisca Román Urrestarazu, Jesus E. Ospina, and Miguel Alarcón Gutiérrez (Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona); Jorge del Romero, Carmen Rodríguez, Sonsoles del Corral Del Campo, Natividad Jerez Zamora, Marta Ruiz Fernández, and Montserrat González Polo (Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Madrid); María Jesús Barbera Gracia, Luis López Pérez, Claudia Broto Cortes, and Julio Morais Martin (UITS Drassanes, Barcelona).

Funding

This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III—Acción Estratégica en Salud Intramural [PI18CIII/00047 to GB and PI17CIII/00037 to MJB] and Río-Hortega [CM20CIII/00001 to JP].

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Author notes

  1. Gregorio Barrio and María José Belza have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain

    Julieta Politi, Juan Miguel Guerras, Gregorio Barrio & María José Belza

  2. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

    Marta Donat, Juan Miguel Guerras, David Palma, Gregorio Barrio & María José Belza

  3. Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain

    Oskar Ayerdi

  4. Servicio de Epidemiología, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    David Palma

  5. Unidad de ITS de Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

    Jorge Néstor García

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  1. Julieta Politi
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The Methysos Project Group

  • M. C. del Burgos
  • , C. P. Romero
  • , J. A. S. J. Bueno
  • , F. R. Urrestarazu
  • , J. E. Ospina
  • , M. A. Gutiérrez
  • , J. del Romero
  • , C Rodríguez
  • , S. del Corral Del Campo
  • , N. J. Zamora
  • , M. R. Fernández
  • , M. G. Polo
  • , M. J. B. Gracia
  • , L. L. Pérez
  • , C. B. Cortes
  •  & J. M. Martin

Contributions

GB, MJB, and JP developed the study concept. JP, MJB, JMG, and GB designed the study. MJB, JMG, DP, OA, and JNG acquired the data. JP and MD reviewed the literature, analyzed the data, and interpreted the results. MJB, GB, and JMG assisted in the analyses and interpretation. GB, MJB, and JMG supervised data analysis. JP wrote the first draft. All authors were involved in data interpretation, revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Juan Miguel Guerras.

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JP declares lecture fees from Gilead. All other authors have nothing to disclose.

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Politi, J., Donat, M., Guerras, J.M. et al. Gaps in HIV and Hepatitis C Testing Among 3486 HIV-Negative Men Who have Sex with Men in Spain in the Era of Highly Effective Antiviral Therapies. J Community Health 49, 139–155 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-023-01259-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-023-01259-9

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