Abstract
Colourless crystalline solid coumarin with a bitter taste and sweet vanilla-like odor mostly acts as chemical protection against predators in plants. Anticoagulants (blood thinners), anti-fungicidal, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties of coumarin are all used to treat skin diseases. Because of internal charge transfer (ICT), coumarin molecules displayed a solvatochromic effect in various solvents of varying polarity. The emission wavelength dependent fluorescence intensity was also affected by pH.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig9_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig10_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig11_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig12_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig13_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig14_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10895-021-02829-7/MediaObjects/10895_2021_2829_Fig15_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of Data and Material
All the written material is new not a copy.
References
Tu Y et al (2021) Naturally occurring coumestans from plants, their biological activities and therapeutic effects on human diseases. Pharmacol Res 169:105615
Yang Z et al (2009) Identification of coumarin-enriched Japanese green teas and their particular flavor using electronic nose. J Food Eng 92(3):312–316
Sahoo CR et al (2021) Coumarin derivatives as promising antibacterial agents. Arab J Chem 14(2):102922
Conforti F, Marrelli M, Menichini F, Bonesi M, Statti G, Provenzano E, Menichini F (2009) Natural and synthetic furanocoumarins as treatment for vitiligo and psoriasis. Curr Drug Ther 4(1)
Reddy DS, Kongot M, Kumar A (2021) Coumarin hybrid derivatives as promising leads to treat tuberculosis: Recent developments and critical aspects of structural design to exhibit anti-tubercular activity. Tuberculosis 127:102050
The history of Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs and the Side Effects of Drugs Annuals (2016) 1951–2015, in Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (Sixteenth Edition), J.K. Aronson, Editor. Elsevier: Oxford p viii-xxii
Bone K, Mills S, Editors (2013) 2 - Principles of herbal pharmacology, in Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy (Second Edition). Churchill Livingstone: Saint Louis p 17–82
Hou X et al (2018) An off-on fluorescein-based colormetric and fluorescent probe for the detection of glutathione and cysteine over homocysteine and its application for cell imaging. Sens Actuators B: Chem 260:295–302
Iacopini D et al (2020) Coumarin-based fluorescent biosensor with large linear range for ratiometric measurement of intracellular pH. Bioorga Chem 105:104372
Ding J et al (2020) Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin-based N-hydroxycinnamamide derivatives as novel histone deacetylase inhibitors with anticancer activities. Bioorga Chem 101:104023
Zhao LX et al (2021) Phenoxypyridine derivatives containing natural product coumarins with allelopathy as novel and promising proporphyrin IX oxidase-inhibiting herbicides: Design, synthesis and biological activity study. Pestic Biochem Physiol 177:104897
Mohanty S, Subuddhi U (2021) Unravelling the aggregation behaviour and micellar properties of CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylamino]-1-propanesulfonate), a zwitterionic derivative of cholic acid, using Coumarin 1 photophysics. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 416:113339
Li P et al (2021) Photophysical properties of a coumarin amide derivative and its sensing for hypochlorite. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 411:113197
Hu Y et al (2021) Highly efficient inhibition of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus replication mediated by a novel synthesized coumarin derivative in vitro and in vivo. Aquacul 545:737281
Kaholek M, Hrdlovič P, Bartoš J (2000) Singlet probes based on coumarin derivatives substituted in position 3; spectral properties in solution and in polymer matrices. Polymer 41(3):991–1001
Muthusamy S et al (2021) Dual detection of mercury (II) and lead (II) ions using a facile coumarin-based fluorescent probe via excited state intramolecular proton transfer and photo-induced electron transfer processes. Sens Actuators B: Chem 346:130534
Komatsu K et al (2007) Development of an iminocoumarin-based zinc sensor suitable for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of neuronal zinc. J Am Chem Soc 129(44):13447–13454
Eker Y et al (2020) Novel coumarin cyclotriphosphazene derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding analysis with automated biosensor and cytotoxicity. J Mol Struct 1209:127971
Phillips AJ, Henderson JA, Jackson KL (2008) 7.07 - Pyrans and their benzo derivatives: structure and reactivity, in comprehensive heterocyclic chemistry III, A.R. Katritzky et al Editors Elsevier: Oxford p 337–418
**e L et al (2012) Fluorescent coumarin derivatives with large stokes shift, dual emission and solid state luminescent properties: An experimental and theoretical study. Dyes Pigm 92(3):1361–1369
Huang CN et al (2007) Synthesis and characterization of 2H-pyrano[3,2-c]coumarin derivatives and their photochromic and redox properties. Tetrahedron 63(40):10025–10033
Li M et al (2017) An aza-coumarin-hemicyanine based near-infrared fluorescent probe for rapid, colorimetric and ratiometric detection of bisulfite in food and living cells. Sens Actuators B: Chem 243:51–58
Yang Y et al (2012) A novel coumarin-based fluorescent probe for selective detection of bissulfite anions in water and sugar samples. Sens Actuators B: Chem 166–167:665–670
Vasylevska AS et al (2007) Novel coumarin-based fluorescent pH indicators, probes and membranes covering a broad pH range. Anal Bioanal Chem 387(6):2131–2141
Hua C-J et al (2016) High quantum yield and pH sensitive fluorescence dyes based on coumarin derivatives: fluorescence characteristics and theoretical study. RSC Adv 6(54):49221–49227
Ranjith C et al (2010) Photophysical investigation of 3-substituted 4-alkyl and/or 7-acetoxy coumarin derivatives—A study of the effect of substituents on fluorescence. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 75(5):1610–1616
Dömötör O et al (2014) Interaction of anticancer reduced Schiff base coumarin derivatives with human serum albumin investigated by fluorescence quenching and molecular modeling. Bioorg Chem 52:16–23
Chen S et al (2017) A highly selective fluorescent probe based on coumarin for the imaging of N2H4 in living cells. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 173:170–174
Schmidt R et al (2007) Mechanism of Photocleavage of (Coumarin-4-yl) methyl Esters. J Phys Chem A 111(26):5768–5774
Jagtap AR et al (2009) The synthesis and characterization of novel coumarin dyes derived from 1,4-diethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-hydroxyquinoxalin-6-carboxaldehyde. Dyes Pigm 82(1):84–89
Acknowledgements
Author will like to thank to Higher Education Commission for providing the necessary facilitates and finding through NRPU project number 9922 to carry out all research work.
Funding
No fundings.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Include all authors.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The review article entitled “effect of pH on fluorescence spectra of coumarin derivatives” is carried out with the financial help from Higher Education Commission, Pakistan (Project number 9922). All the authors involved in the write up of this article do not have any conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huda, Z.u., Mansha, A., Asim, S. et al. Effect of pH on Fluorescence Spectra of Coumarin Derivatives. J Fluoresc 32, 57–66 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02829-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02829-7