SpringerLink
Log in

Simulative and experimental study of metal/polymer interfacial dynamic shear response

  • Computation & theory
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The dynamic response experiment has been a difficult point of the metal/polymer interfacial bonding performance testing, in which the metal surface state and the loading condition are key independent variables that should be comprehensively investigated. This work investigates the effect of loading velocity and Al surface porosity on Al/PMMA interfacial dynamic shear bonding performance. Firstly, simulation is applied to predict dynamic response variation trends. Simulation results show that the maximum force (MF) has minor changes with initial bullet velocity (IBV), while the de-bonding displacement (DD) and interface failure work (IFW) decrease obviously with IBV. All three indicators increase smoothly with the area ratio of PMMA interlocks. In experiment, the result plots of the indicators are all discrete, but as a whole, the MF plots could not be distinguished by the variation of IBV, while the plots of DD and NW decrease with IBV, which are consistent with simulation. The dynamic response indicators obtained by simulation and experiment show similar variation trends with their respective independent variables at certain ranges (surface porosity: − 15–20%/dm2, area ratio: 0–0.33) and could be contrasted to evaluate the indicator value differences at full range. By further analysis within MF and DD indicators, the stability of the dynamic interfacial stiffness is discovered at their respective loading velocities, which is similar static loading in past work. The strengthening and weakening mechanisms of Al/PMMA interface are also inferred. This experiment–simulation combined work exhibits a systematic method to predict the dynamic response with the variation of the independent investigating variables at certain ranges, to evaluate the degree of deviation of the experimental plots from simulative ones and to help determine the porosity range where higher dynamic response would be obtained, which would be also applied to other metal/polymer layered system.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data will be made available on request.

References

  1. Zhou Z, Gao X, Zhang Y (2022) Research progress on characterization and regulation of forming quality in laser joining of metal and polymer, and development trends of lightweight automotive applications. Metals (Basel) 12:1666

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lambiase F, Scipioni SI, Lee CJ et al (2021) A state-of-the-art review on advanced joining processes for metal-composite and metal-polymer hybrid structures. Materials (Basel) 14:1890. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081890

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Annerfors C, Petersson S (2007) Nano molding technology on cosmetic aluminum parts in mobile phones. Division of Production and Materials Engineering, Lund

  4. Kajihara Y, Takeuchi A, Kimura F (2023) Direct joining between nano-textured metal and non-crystalline polymer via heating and cooling injection molding. CIRP Ann 72:473–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2023.04.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Jiao Y, Ma W (2022) Effect of the polymer on the joint strength of polymer/copper hybrids produced by nano-injection molding: comparison of polybutylene terephthalate and polyphenylene sulfide via experimental and computational methods. Mater Today Commun 33:104291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Cao D, Malakooti S, Kulkarni VN et al (2021) Nanoindentation measurement of core–skin interphase viscoelastic properties in a sandwich glass composite. Mech Time-Depend Mater 25:353–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-020-09448-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cao D, Malakooti S, Kulkarni VN et al (2022) The effect of resin uptake on the flexural properties of compression molded sandwich composites. Wind Energy 25:71–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kuteneva SV, Gladkovsky SV, Vichuzhanin DI, Nedzvetsky PD (2022) Microstructure and properties of layered metal/rubber composites subjected to cyclic and impact loading. Compos Struct 285:115078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.115078

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Caisso C, Dagorn N, Albouy W et al (2023) Experimental and numerical investigations of a soft projectile impact three-point bending (SPITPB) test for adhesion assessment under dynamic loading. Eur J Mech A Solids 101:105060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2023.105060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wong EH, Rajoo R, Seah SKW et al (2008) Correlation studies for component level ball impact shear test and board level drop test. Microelectron Reliab 48:1069–1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2008.04.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Santhanakrishnan Balakrishnan V, Obrosov A, Kuke F et al (2019) Influence of metal surface preparation on the flexural strength and impact damage behaviour of thermoplastic FRP reinforced metal laminate made by press forming. Compos Part B Eng 173:106883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.05.094

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mehr ME, Aghamohammadi H, Abbandanak SNH et al (2019) Effects of applying a combination of surface treatments on the mechanical behavior of basalt fiber metal laminates. Int J Adhes Adhes 92:133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.04.015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Brugo TM, Croccolo D, De Agostinis M et al (2023) On the impact strength of adhesive bonded pin-and-collar joints. Int J Adhes Adhes 122:103334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2023.103334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yildiz S, Chiu J, Delale F, Elvin N (2022) Characterization of adhesive joints under ballistic shear impact. Int J Adhes Adhes 113:103035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.103035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Li J, Cheng P, Zhang R et al (2022) Easy characterization of the etched Al5052 surfaces and its distinctive data correlation with the Al5052/PMMA bonding performance. Mater Today Commun 32:103983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103983

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Huang H, Sun M, Wei X et al (2021) Effect of interfacial nanostructures on shear strength of Al-PPS joints fabricated via injection moulding method combined with anodising. Surf Coat Technol 428:127896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127896

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Balordi M, Cammi A, Santucci de Magistris G, Chemelli C (2019) Role of micrometric roughness on anti-ice properties and durability of hierarchical super-hydrophobic aluminum surfaces. Surf Coat Technol 374:549–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.06.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Afzali N, Taghvaei E, Moosavi A (2020) A novel and cost-effective method for fabrication of a durable superhydrophobic aluminum surface with self-cleaning properties. Nanotechnology 31:465708. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/abad5c

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Peng J, Chen B, Wang Z et al (2020) Surface coordination layer passivates oxidation of copper. Nature 586:390–394. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2783-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cao Q, Guo R, Yang F et al (2021) Research on surface treatment and interfacial bonding technology of copper–polymer direct molding process. Materials (Basel) 14:2712. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14112712

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Xu D, Yang W, Li X et al (2020) Surface nanostructure and wettability inducing high bonding strength of polyphenylene sulfide-aluminum composite structure. Appl Surf Sci 515:145996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145996

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yang Y, Zhao J, Zhang S et al (2021) Determination of fracture toughness of an adhesive in civil engineering and interfacial damage analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer–steel structure bonded joints. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part L J Mater Des Appl 235:2423–2440. https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211021385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Shaikh Mohammad Meiabadi MS, Kazerooni A, Moradi M, Torkamany MJ (2020) Laser assisted joining of St12 to polycarbonate: experimental study and numerical simulation. Optik (Stuttg) 208:164151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kaiser I, Tan KT (2020) Damage and strength analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer and titanium tubular-lap joint using hybrid adhesive design. Int J Adhes Adhes 103:102710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2020.102710

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ma F, Chen S, Han L et al (2019) Experimental and numerical investigation on the strength of polymer-metal hybrid with laser assisted metal surface treatment. J Adhes Sci Technol 33:1112–1129. https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2019.1582888

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wang X, Xu T, de Andrade MJ, Rampalli I, Cao D, Haque M, Roy S, Baughman RH, Lu H (2021) The interfacial shear strength of carbon nanotube sheet modified carbon fiber composites. In: Challenges in mechanics of time dependent materials, pp 25–32

  27. Carbas RJC, Marques EAS, da Silva LFM (2021) The influence of epoxy adhesive toughness on the strength of hybrid laminate adhesive joints. Appl Adhes Sci 9:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40563-020-00132-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hirsch F, Natkowski E, Kästner M (2021) Modeling and simulation of interface failure in metal-composite hybrids. Compos Sci Technol 214:108965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108965

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Della PA, Mariani S, Rovitto M et al (2023) Leadframe-epoxy moulding compound adhesion: a micromechanics-driven investigation. In: 2023 24th international conference on thermal, mechanical and multi-physics simulation and experiments in microelectronics and microsystems, EuroSimE 2023, pp 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/EuroSimE56861.2023.10100792

  30. Kim S, Kim A, Yoo D et al (2021) Enhancement of steel sandwich sheet adhesion using mechanical interlocking structures formed by electrochemical etching. Langmuir 37:6702–6710. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kojima T, Kimura Y, Arikawa S, Notomi M (2021) Evaluation of dynamic fracture toughness of a bonded bi-material interface subject to high-strain-rate shearing using digital image correlation. Eng Fract Mech 241:107391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.107391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Pu C, Yang X, Zhao H et al (2021) Numerical investigation on crack propagation and coalescence induced by dual-borehole blasting. Int J Impact Eng 157:103983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.103983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Li J, Ding J, Wei J et al (2023) Dynamic response of metal/polymer bilayer composite with optimized surface porosity by experiment and simulation. J Mater Res Technol 24:1626–1637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.03.097

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Du Y, Pei P, Suo T, Gao G (2023) Large deformation mechanical behavior and constitutive modeling of oriented PMMA. Int J Mech Sci 257:108520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Zhang B, Liu Y, Yu H et al (2022) A visco-elastoplastic constitutive model of aircraft polymethylmethacrylate related to strain rate and temperature. Chin J Aeronaut 36:435–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2022.09.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Pu C, Yang X, Zhao H et al (2022) Numerical study on crack propagation under explosive loads. Acta Mech Sin 38:421376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-021-09036-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Rudawska A (2019) Surface treatment in bonding technology, chapter 4: degreasing. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  38. Joshi S, Fahrenholtz WG, OKeefe MJ (2011) Effect of alkaline cleaning and activation on aluminum alloy 7075–T6. Appl Surf Sci 257:1859–1863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.08.126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kajihara Y, Tamura Y, Kimura F et al (2018) Joining strength dependence on molding conditions and surface textures in blast-assisted metal-polymer direct joining. CIRP Ann 67:591–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2018.04.112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Zhang X, Ma Q, Dai Y et al (2018) Effects of surface treatments and bonding types on the interfacial behavior of fiber metal laminate based on magnesium alloy. Appl Surf Sci 427:897–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhao S, Kimura F, Yamaguchi E et al (2020) Manufacturing aluminum/polybutylene terephthalate direct joints by using hot water–treated aluminum via injection molding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 107:4637–4644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05364-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Foley RT (1986) Localized corrosion of aluminum alloys: a review. Corrosion 42:277–288. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3584905

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Li J, Liu Z, Zhang R et al (2021) Surface treatment and solvent co-assisted easy direct bonding of polymer/metal. Mater Des 204:109641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Gu T, Wang Z (2022) A strain rate-dependent cohesive zone model for shear failure of hat-shaped specimens under impact. Eng Fract Mech 259:108145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2021.108145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Xu Z, Ding X, Zhang W, Huang F (2017) A novel method in dynamic shear testing of bulk materials using the traditional SHPB technique. Int J Impact Eng 101:90–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.11.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Wang H, Ren C, Wan Y et al (2019) Experimental study on fracture process of sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets during dynamic Brazilian tests. J Magn Magn Mater 471:200–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.09.083

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Acharya S, Mukhopadhyay AK (2014) High strain rate compressive behavior of PMMA. Polym Bull 71:133–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-013-1050-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Wang J, Zhang Z, Shi R et al (2020) Impact of nanoscale roughness on heat transport across the solid-solid interface. Adv Mater Interfaces 7:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Chen Y, Zhang C (2014) Role of surface roughness on thermal conductance at liquid–solid interfaces. Int J Heat Mass Transf 78:624–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.07.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2021B0301030001); the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFB3802300); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51932006); and the Basic strengthening project of science and Technology Commission of Central Military Commission (202022JQ01).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Ruizhi Zhang and Jia** Li have contributed equally to this work and should be regarded as co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Ruizhi Zhang, Jia** Li, Jijun Ding, Qinqin Wei, Guoqiang Luo, Yi Sun, Jian Zhang & Qiang Shen

  2. Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou, 521000, People’s Republic of China

    Guoqiang Luo

  3. College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Baozhen Wang

Authors
  1. Ruizhi Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jia** Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jijun Ding
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Qinqin Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Guoqiang Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Baozhen Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yi Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Jian Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Qiang Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

RZ was involved in methodology, investigation, data curation and writing—original draft. JL was responsible for investigation, validation, formal analysis and writing—original draft. JD carried out investigation and data curation. QW helped with writing—reviewing and editing, and supervision. GL, JZ and QS participated in conceptualization and funding acquisition. BW contributed to data curation and resources. YS took part in project administration and software.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ruizhi Zhang or Guoqiang Luo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethical approval

This research is of not high risk, so no further ethical review is required.

Additional information

Handling Editor: Ghanshyam Pilania.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 466 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, R., Li, J., Ding, J. et al. Simulative and experimental study of metal/polymer interfacial dynamic shear response. J Mater Sci 58, 13080–13099 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-08791-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-08791-y

Search

Navigation