Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between parental sexual passion styles and parent-child communication about sex. The central research questions were how parent sexual passion was associated with parent-child communication about sex and whether commonalities emerged in communication patterns across passion styles. Data were taken from a US national sample; participants were 801 mothers and 838 fathers (n = 1639). Comprehensive measures of parent-child sexual communication and sexual passion were used in a structural equation model. Among both mothers and fathers, harmonious sexual passion was associated with higher communication frequency, openness, and adolescent disclosure. Obsessive and inhibited sexual passion were associated with parental control of communication. Inhibited sexual passion was associated with adolescent secrecy. Additionally, for mothers only, obsessive sexual passion was associated with higher adolescent disclosure; for fathers only, inhibited sexual passion was associated with higher communication frequency and adolescent disclosure. These results help to connect the individual-level concept of sexual passion with dyad-level communication about sex; they also can help lead researchers and practitioners to better understand the influence of motivation and sexual passion on parental participation in sex education, which may lead to more effective efforts to educate adolescents about sex.
Highlights
-
Parents with higher levels of harmonious passion had higher levels of communication about sex with their adolescents.
-
Parents with higher levels of inhibited and obsessive sexual passion had higher levels of controlling communication about sex with their adolescents.
-
Parents with higher levels of inhibited passion had adolescents with higher levels of secrecy about their sexuality.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, K. R., & Lavender-Stott, E. S. (2015). Family contexts of informal sex education: Young men’s perceptions of first sexual images. Family Relations, 64(3), 393–406.
Aspy, C. B., Vesely, S. K., Oman, R. F., Rodine, S., Marshall, L., & McLeroy, K. (2007). Parental communication and youth sexual behaviour. Journal of Adolescence, 30(3), 449–466.
Bancroft, J., Graham, C. A., Janssen, E., & Sanders, S. A. (2009). The dual control model: Current status and future directions. Journal of Sex Research, 46(2–3), 121–142.
Bennett, C., Harden, J., & Anstey, S. (2018). Fathers as sexuality educators: Aspirations and realities. An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Sex Education, 18(1), 74–89.
Bonafide, K. E., Vanable, P. A., & Carey, M. P. (2020). The association between African American parent–child sex communication and adolescent condomless sex. AIDS and Behavior, 24(3), 847–853.
Busby, D. M., Chiu, H.-Y., Leonhardt, N. D., & Iliff, E. (2019). Sexual passion in committed relationships: Measurement and conceptual Issues. Family Process, 58(3), 734–748.
Busby, D. M., Hanna-Walker, V. R., Leavitt, C. E., & Carroll, J. S. (2022). The sexual wholeness model: An initial evaluation with two samples. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 48(2), 643–664. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12529.
Busby, D. M., Leonhardt, N. D., & James, S. (2020). A closer look at sexual passion in relationships. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 2940–2953.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(1), 14–23.
DiIorio, C., Pluhar, E., & Belcher, L. (2003). Parent-Child communication about sexuality: A review of the literature from 1980–2002. Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention & Education for Adolescents & Children, 5(3/4), 7–32.
Donenberg, G. R., & Pao, M. (2005). “Youths and HIV/AIDS: Psychiatry’s role in a changing epidemic. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(8), 728–747.
Downing, J., Jones, L., Bates, G., Sumnall, H., & Bellis, M. A. (2011). A systematic review of parent and family-based intervention effectiveness on sexual outcomes in young people. Health Education Research, 26(5), 808–833.
Elton, L., Palmer, M., & Macdowall, W. (2019). Birth order and parental and sibling involvement in sex education. A nationally-representative analysis. Sex Education, 19(2), 162–179.
Flores, D., & Barroso, J. (2017). 21st century parent–child sex communication in the United States: A process review. Journal of Sex Research, 54(4–5), 532–548.
Goethals, E. R., Jaser, S. S., Verhaak, C., Prikken, S., Casteels, K., Luyckx, K., & Delamater, A. M. (2020). Communication matters: The role of autonomy-supportive communication by health care providers and parents in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 163, 108153 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108153.
Gravel, E. E., Pelletier, L. G., & Reissing, E. D. (2016). ‘Doing It’ for the right reasons: Validation of a measurement of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation for sexual relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 92(2), 164–173.
Guilamo-Ramos, V., Lee, J. J., & Jaccard, J. (2016). Parent-Adolescent communication about contraception and condom use. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(1), 14–16.
Jaccard, J., Dodge, T., & Dittus, P. (2002). Parent-Adolescent communication about sex and birth control: A conceptual framework. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 97, 9–42.
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. Saunders.
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., Martin, C. E., & Gebhard, P. H. (1953). Sexual behavior in the human female. Saunders.
Kirby, D. (1999). Reflections on two decades of research on teen sexual behavior and pregnancy. Journal of School Health, 69(3), 89–94.
Kramer, M. W., Austin, J. T., & Hansen, G. J. (2021). Motivation and communication on volunteering: Expanding self-determination theory. Management Communication Quarterly, 35(4), 572–601.
Leonhardt, N. D., Busby, D. M., & Valdez, C. (2020). Pursuit of harmony: Relational and individual predictors of sexual passion expression. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01769-w
Markham, C. M., Lormand, D., Gloppen, K. M., Peskin, M. F., Flores, B., Low, B., & House, L. D. (2010). Connectedness as a predictor of sexual and reproductive health outcomes for youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(3), S23–S41.
Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (2010). Human sexual response. Ishi Press International.
Mauras, C. P., Grolnick, W. W., & Friendly, R. W. (2012). Time for ‘the talk’… now what? Autonomy support and structure in mother-daughter conversations about sex. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 33(4), 458–481.
Ott, M. A. (2010). Examining the development and sexual behaviour of adolescent males. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(4), S3–S11.
Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2018). Longitudinal change in parent-adolescent communication about sexuality. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(6), 753–758.
Padilla-Walker, L. M., Rogers, A. A., & McLean, R. (2020). Is there more than one way to talk about sex? A longitudinal growth mixture model of parent-adolescent sex communication. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67(6), 851–858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.04.031.
Patterson, S., McDaid, L., Hunt, K., Hilton, S., Flowers, P., McMillian, L., Milnes, D., & Lorimer, K. (2020). How men and women learn about sex: Multi-Generational perspectives on insufficient preparedness and prevailing gender norms in Scotland. Sex Education, 20(4), 441–456.
Philippe, F. L., Vallerand, R. J., Beaulieu-Pelletier, G., Maliha, G., Laventure, S., & Ricard-St-Aubin, J.-S. (2019). Development of a dualistic model of sexual passion: Investigating determinants and consequences. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48, 2537–2552.
Philippe, F. L., Vallerand, R. J., Bernard-Desrosiers, L., Guilbault, V., & Rajotte, G. (2017). Understanding the cognitive and motivational underpinnings of sexual passion from a dualistic model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(5), 769–785.
Ragsdale, K., Bersamin, M. M., Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Kerrick, M. R., & Grube, J. W. (2014). Development of sexual expectancies among adolescents: Contributions by parents, peers and the media. The Journal of Sex Research, 51(5), 551–560.
Reynolds, E. M. (1992). Socially constructing sexuality: Toward a postmodernist theory of sexual intimacy. Theoretical & Philosophical Psychology, 12(1), 38–47.
Riley, B. H., & McDermott, R. C. (2018). Applying self-determination theory to adolescent sexual-risk behaviour and knowledge: A structural equation model. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 24(6), 482–494.
Rogers, A. A. (2017). Parent–Adolescent sexual communication and adolescents’ sexual behaviors: A conceptual model and systematic review. Adolescent Research Review, 2(4), 293–313.
Rogers, A. A., Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Hurst, J. L. (2022). Development and testing of the parent-child sex communication inventory: A multidimensional assessment tool for parent and adolescent informants. The Journal of Sex Research, 59(1), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1792398.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-Determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications.
Schnarch, D. M. (1991). Constructing the sexual crucible: An integration of sexual and marital therapy. W. W. Norton.
Schnarch, D. M. (2009). Passionate marriage: Love, sex and intimacy in emotionally committed relationships. W. W. Norton.
Sternberg, R. J. (1986). A triangular theory of love. Psychological Review, 93(2), 119–135.
Stone, N., Ingham, R., McGinn, L., & Bengry-Howell, A. (2017). Talking relationships, babies and bodies with young children: The experiences of parents in England. Sex Education, 17(5), 588–603.
Tóth-Király, I., Vallerand, R. J., Bőthe, B., Rigó, A., & Orosz, G. (2019). Examining sexual motivation profiles and their correlates using latent profile analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 146(3), 76–86.
Vallerand, R. J. (2015). The psychology ofpPassion: A dualistic model. Oxford University Press.
Vallerand, R. J., Blanchard, C., Mageau, G. A., Koestner, R., Ratelle, C., Léonard, M., Gagné, M., & Marsolais, J. (2003). “Les passions de l’âme: On obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(4), 756–767.
Widman, L., Choukas-Bradley, S., Noar, S. M., Nesi, J., & Garrett, K. (2016). Parent-Adolescent sexual communication and adolescent safer sex behavior: A meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(1), 52–61.
Widman, L., Evans, R., Javidi, H., & Choukas-Bradley, S. (2019). Assessment of parent-based interventions for adolescent sexual health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.”. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(9), 866–877.
Wight, D., & Fullerton, D. (2013). A review of interventions with parents to promote the sexual health of their children. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(1), 4–27.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Busby, D.M., Jeffery, N.R. & Hanna-Walker, V.R. Parental Sexual Passion and Parent-Child Communication About Sex. J Child Fam Stud 32, 2419–2430 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02369-z
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02369-z