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The effect of risperidone on behavioral reactions and gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in neuropathic pain model induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rat

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Abstract

Background

Neuropathic pain results from lesions or diseases affecting the somatosensory system. The management of a patient with chronic neuropathic pain remains a challenge several studies report the analgesic effect of serotonin receptor antagonists in different models of experimental pain. The present study was designed to study the effect of systemic administration of risperidone, on behavioral scores of neuropathic pains in chronic constriction (CCI) model in rats.

Methods

Inducing neuropathic pain with the CCI model which causes heat hyperalgesia, heat, and mechanical allodynia was performed on rats, and then, in two phases, risperidone effect was determined. In the acute phase, risperidone 1, 2, 4 mg was administered for three groups half an hour before behavioral tests on the 7th, 14th, and 21st day after surgery, and in the chronic phase, risperidone 1, 2, and 4 mg was administered for three different groups from the 1st to 14th days after surgery than on 14th-day behavioral scores were performed. For gene expression analysis, samples are taken from spinal cord tissues in lumbar segments.

Results

This study shows chronic administration of risperidone as an antipsychotic drug was effective on heat hyperalgesia and allodynia. However, only the max dosage (4 mg) of risperidone showed meaningful improvement in increasing mechanical allodynia. However, acute administering of risperidone did not show any meaningful changes in behavioral tests on neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats. In addition, gene expression results showed an increase in IL-4 and IL-10 gene expression in the risperidone group compared to the sham group.

Conclusion

This study suggests the helpful preventive effects of risperidone in develo** and increasing neuropathic pain, but it does not have any instant effect.

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Availability of data and materials

The dataset used in this study is available with the authors and can be made available upon request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all my colleagues for their assistance in laboratory techniques and our staff for their cooperation. This study supported by Kashan University of Medical Sciences.

Funding

The financial support for the current research was provided by Research Deputy of Kashan University of Medical Sciences (Grant Number: 98067), Kashan, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Mohammad Mehdi Haghighat Lari

  2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Hamid Reza Banafshe

  3. Gametogenesis Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Elahe Seyed Hosseini

  4. Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Hamed Haddad Kashani

Authors
  1. Mohammad Mehdi Haghighat Lari
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  2. Hamid Reza Banafshe
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  3. Elahe Seyed Hosseini
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  4. Hamed Haddad Kashani
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Contributions

MMH, ESH, and HRB provided direction and guidance throughout the preparation of this manuscript. HHK, ESH, and MMH conducted the literature and drafted the manuscript. Other authors reviewed the manuscript and made significant revisions on the drafts. All authors read and approved the final version.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Elahe Seyed Hosseini or Hamed Haddad Kashani.

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Ethical approval and consent to participate

All procedures performed in the study involving human were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. The protocol was approved by the research committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

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Haghighat Lari, M., Banafshe, H., Seyed Hosseini, E. et al. The effect of risperidone on behavioral reactions and gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in neuropathic pain model induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rat. Inflammopharmacol 31, 2641–2652 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01293-y

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