SpringerLink
Log in

Traditional Herbal Remedies Used in women’s Health Care in Italy: a Review

  • Published:
Human Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

References

  • Abad, M. J., Bermejo, P., and Villar, A. (1995). An approach to the genus Tanacetum L.(Compositae): Phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytotherapy Research 9(2): 79–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, R., Gupta, S. K., Agarwal, S. S., Srivastava, S., and Saxena, R. (2008). Oculohypotensive effects of Foeniculum Vulgare in experimental models of glaucoma. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 52: 77–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agrahari, P., and Singh, D. K. (2014). A review on the pharmacological aspects of Carum carvi. Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences 4(1): M1–M13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agyare, C., Appiah, T., Boakye, Y. D., and Apenteng, J. A. (2017). Petroselinum crispum: a Review. In Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa: 527–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809286-6.00025-X.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, F., Khan, R. A., and Rasheed, S. (1992). Study of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity from plant extracts of Lactuca Scariola and Artemisia Absinthium. Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences 5(2): 111–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahumada, C., Sáenz, T., García, D., De La Puerta, R. O. C. I. O., Fernandez, A., and Martinez, E. (1997). The effects of a triterpene fraction isolated from Crataegus Monogyna Jacq. On different acute inflammation models in rats and mice. Leucocyte migration and phospholipase A2 inhibition. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49(3): 329–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akihisa, T., Yasukawa, K., Oinuma, H., Kasahara, Y., Yamanouchi, S., Takido, M., et al (1996). Triterpene alcohols from the flowers of Compositae and their anti-inflammatory effects. Phytochemistry 43(6): 1255–1260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akin, M., Aktumsek, A., and Nostro, A. (2012). Antibacterial activity and composition of the essential oils of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. And Myrtus communis L. growing in northern Cyprus. African Journal of Biotechnology 9: 531–535.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert-Puleo, M. (1980). Fennel and anise as estrogen agents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2: 337–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(80)81015-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aleo, M., Cambria, S., and Bazan, G. (2014). Tradizioni Etnofarmacobotaniche in Alcune Comunità Rurali dei Monti di Trapani (Sicilia occidentale). Quad Bot Amb Appl 24: 27–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali, M., Thomson, M., and Afzal, M. (2000). Garlic and onions: Their effect on eicosanoid metabolism and its clinical relevance. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 6(2): 55–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alipour, G., Dashti, S., and Hosseinzadeh, H. (2014). Review of pharmacological effects of Myrtus communis L. and its active constituents. Phytotherapy Research 28(8): 1125–1136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali-Shtayeh, M. S., Jamous, R. M., and Jamous, R. M. (2015). Plants used during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and infant healthcare in Palestine. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 21(2): 84–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Snafi, A. E. (2013). The pharmaceutical importance of Althaea Officinalis and Althaea Rosea: A review. Int J Pharm Tech Res 5(3): 1387–1385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Snafi, A. E. (2015a). The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris-a review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 5(2): 106–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Snafi, A. E. (2015b). The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Capsella Bursa-Pastoris - a review. International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 5(2): 76–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The medical importance of Cydonia oblonga-a review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 6(6): 87–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amico, F. P., and Sorce, E. G. (1997). Medicinal plants and Phytotherapy in Mussomeli area (Caltanissetta, Sicily, Italy). Fitoterapia 58(2): 143–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antonone, R., De Simone, F., Morrica, P., and Ramundo, E. (1988). Traditional Phytotherapy in the Roccamonfina volcanic group, Campania, southern Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 22(3): 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(88)90240-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Appendino, G., Maxia, L., Bettoni, P., et al (2006). Antibacterial Galloylated Alkylphloroglucinol glucosides from Myrtle (Myrtus communis). Journal of Natural Products 69: 251–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Araruna, K., and Carlos, B. (2010). Anti-inflammatory activities of triterpene lactones from Lactuca sativa. Phytopharmacology 1(1): 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arcidiacono, S., Napoli, M., Oddo, G., and Pavone, P. (2007). Piante selvatiche d’uso popolare nei territori di Alcara li Fusi e Militello Rosmarino (Messina, N-E Sicilia). Quad. Bot. Amb. Appl 18: 105–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arora, D., Rani, A., and Sharma, A. (2013). A review on Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacological aspects of genus Calendula. Pharmacognosy Reviews 7(14): 179–187. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.120520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arsene, C. C., and Draghia, L. (2014). Allergenic and toxic compounds in ornamental plants-a review. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and veterinary medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 71(2): 180–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asgarpanah, J., and Khoshkam, R. (2012). Phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Ruta graveolens L. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 6(23): 3942–3949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avallone, R., Zanoli, P., Puia, G., Kleinschnitz, M., Schreier, P., and Baraldi, M. (2000). Pharmacological profile of Apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Matricaria chamomilla. Biochemical Pharmacology 59: 1387–1394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00264-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Awe, E. O., and Banjoko, S. O. (2013). Biochemical and Haematological assessment of toxic effects of the leaf ethanol extract of Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nyman ex AW Hill (parsley) in rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 13(1): 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baccini, M., Cuzzolin, L., Camerlengo, T., Velo, G., and Benoni, G. (2008). Phytotherapic compounds. The consumer–pharmacist relationship. Drug Safety 31: 424–427. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200831050-00008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badgujar, S. B., Patel, V. V., Bandivdekar, A. H., 2014. Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A review of its botany, Phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology. BioMed Research International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakht, J., Khan, S., and Shafi, M. (2013). Antimicrobial potentials of fresh Allium cepa against gram positive and gram negative Bacteria and fungi. Pakistan Journal of Botany 45(S1): 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balick, M. J., Kronenberg, F., Ososki, A. L., Reiff, M., Fugh-Berman, A., Roble, M., et al (2000). Medicinal plants used by Latino healers for Women’s health conditions in new York City. Economic Botany 54(3): 344–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballero, M., and Fresu, I. (1991). Piante medicinali impiegate in fitoterapia nel territorio del Marganai (Sardegna sud occidentale). Fitoterapia 62: 524–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballero, M., and Fresu, I. (1993). Le piante di uso officinale nella Barbagia di Seui (Sardegna centrale). Fitoterapia 64: 141–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballhorn, D. J., 2011. Cyanogenic Glycosides in Nuts and Seeds. In Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, Academic Press, pp. 129–136

  • Barbagallo, C., Grillo, M., and Meli, R. (1979). Nota Sulle Piante Officinali Spontanee e Coltivate del Territorio di Cesarò (Messina). Fitoterapia 50: 57–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbieri, L., Falasca, A., Franceschi, C., Licastro, F., Rossi, C. A., and Stirpe, F. (1983). Purification and properties of two lectins from the latex of the euphorbiaceous plants Hura crepitans L.(sand-box tree) and Euphorbia characias L. (Mediterranean spurge). Biochemical Journal 215(3): 433–439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, J., Anderson, L. A., and Phillipson, J. D. (2001). St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): A review of its chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 53(5): 583–600.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barone, R. (1963). Le piante della medicina popolare nel territorio di Falconara e San Lucido (Calabria). Webbia 17: 329–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.1963.10669749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barros, L., Carvalho, A. M., and Ferreira, I. C. (2010). Leaves, flowers, immature fruits and leafy flowered stems of Malva sylvestris: A comparative study of the nutraceutical potential and composition. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48(6): 1466–1472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartolucci, F., Peruzzi, L., Galasso, G., Albano, A., et al (2018). An updated checklist of the vascular Flora native to Italy. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 152(2): 179–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2017.1419996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basch, E., Bent, S., Foppa, I., Haskmi, S., et al (2006). Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) an evidence-based systematic review by the natural standard research collaboration. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 6(3–4): 135–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/J157v06n03_08.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beal, M. W. (1998). Women’s use of complementary and alternative therapies in reproductive health care. Journal of Nurse-Midwifery 43: 224–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-2182(98)00009-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellia, G., and Pieroni, A. (2015). Isolated, but transnational: The Glocal nature of Waldensian ethnobotany, Western Alps, NW Italy. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 11: 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0027-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belser-Ehrlich, S., Harper, A., Hussey, J., and Hallock, R. (2013). Human and cattle Ergotism since 1900: Symptoms, outbreaks, and regulations. Toxicology and Industrial Health 29(4): 307–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benedek, B., Gjoncaj, N., Saukel, J., and Kopp, B. (2007). Distribution of phenolic compounds in middle European taxa of the Achillea millefolium L. aggregate. Chemistry & Biodiversity 4: 849–857. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200790072.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benkeblia, N. (2004). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil extracts of various onions (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum). LWT- Food Science and Technology 37(2): 263–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berk, S., Tepe, B., Arslan, S., and Sarikurkcu, C. (2011). Screening of the antioxidant, antimicrobial and DNA damage protection potentials of the aqueous extract of Asplenium Ceterach DC. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(44): 8902–8908.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bessette, P. (2001). Natural products and gynecology. Canada Journal 26: 57–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhargava, V. (2011). Medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of Crocus sativus Linn (saffron). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3: 22–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bi, W., Gao, Y., Shen, J., He, C., Liu, H., Peng, Y., et al (2016). Traditional uses, Phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Acer (maple): A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 189: 31–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, A., and Gallifuoco, G. (2004). Farmacopea popolare del Gargano. Natural 1: 54–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumenthal, M., Busse, W. R., Goldberg, A., et al (1998). The complete German commission E monographs, American Botanical Council, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bora, K. S., and Sharma, A. (2011). The genus Artemisia: A comprehensive review. Pharmaceutical Biology 49(1): 101–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boudaoud-Ouahmed, H., Tiab, S. A., Saidani, N., Gherrou, M., Ziane, K., and Atmani, D. (2015). Phytochemical screening and pharmacological activities of Ulmus Campestris bark extracts. Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine 15(4): 353–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boudjelal, A., Henchiri, C., Siracusa, L., Sari, M., and Ruberto, G. (2012). Compositional analysis and in vivo aNti-diabetic activity of wild Algerian Marrubium vulgare L. infusion. Fitoterapia. 83(2): 286–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.11.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozin, B., Mimica-Dukic, N., Samojlik, I., and Jovin, E. (2007). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55(19): 7879–7885.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruni, A., Ballero, M., and Poli, F. (1997). Quantitative Ethnopharmacological study of the Campidano Valley and Urzulei district, Sardinia, Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 57: 97–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00055-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camangi, F., Stefani, A., and Tomei, P. E. (2003). Il Casentino: Tradizioni Etnofarmacobotaniche nei Comuni di Poppi e Bibbiena (Arezzo, Toscana). Atti Soc. tosc. Sci. nat., Mem. Serie B 110: 55–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camangi, F., and Tomei, P. E. (2003). Tradizioni etnofarmacobotaniche nella provincia di Livorno: il territorio della Valle Benedetta. Inf Bot Ital 35: 41–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappelletti, E. M., Trevisan, R., Foletto, A., and Cattolica, P. M. (1981). Le piante utilizzate in medicina popolare in due vallate trentine: Val di Ledro e Val dei Mocheni. Stud. Trentini Sci. Nat. (Acta Biol.) 58: 119–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick, L. R., Pauli, G. F., and Farnsworth, N. R. (2006). The pharmacognosy of Humulus Lupulus L.(hops) with an emphasis on estrogenic properties. Phytomedicine 13(1–2): 119–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Champavier, Y., Allais, D. P., Chulia, A. J., and Kaouadji, M. (2000). Acetylated and non-acetylated Flavonol Triglycosides from Galega Officinalis. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 48(2): 281–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, R. F., Hooper, S. N., and Harvey, M. J. (1982). Ethnobotany and Phytochemistry of yarrow, Achillea millefolium. Economic Botany 36(2): 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chase, M. W., Christenhusz, M. J. M., Fay, M. F., Byng, J. W., et al (2016). An update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181(1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan, E. S., and Aishwarya, J. (2018). Nutraceuticals potential of Petroselinum Crispum: A review. J Complement Med Alt Healthcare 7(2): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.19080/JCMAH.2018.07.555707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chimenti Signorini, R., and Fumagalli, M. (1983). Indagine etnofarmacobotanica in Valtournanche (Valle d’Aosta). Webbia 27: 69–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiovenda-Bensi, C. (1960). Florula medicinale delle Cinque terre. Webbia 15: 631–641.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coassini Lokar, L., and Poldini, L. (1988). Herbal remedies in the traditional medicine of the Venezia Giulia region (north East Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 22: 231–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(88)90238-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coassini Lokar, L., Poldini, L., and Angeloni Rossi, G. (1983). Appunti di etnobotanica del Friuli Venezia Giulia. Gortonia Atti Museo Friul. Storia Nat 4: 101–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coco, A. S. (1999). Primary dysmenorrhea. American Family Physician 60(2): 489–496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti, F., Abbate, G., Alessandrini, A., and Blasi, C. (2005). An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora, Palombi Editori, Roma.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti, F., Alessandrini, A., Bacchetta, G., Banfi, E., et al (2007). Integrazioni alla checklist della flora vascolare italiana. Natura Vicentina 10: 5–4 http://hdl.handle.net/2318/1537292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corea, G., Fattorusso, E., Lanzotti, V., Motti, R., Simon, P. N., Dumontet, C., and Di Pietro, A. (2004). Structure-activity relationships for Euphocharacins A-L, a new series of Jatrophane Diterpenes, as inhibitors of Cancer cell P-glycoprotein. Planta Medica 70(07): 657–665. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-827191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornara, L., La Rocca, A., Marsili, S., and Mariotti, M. G. (2009). Traditional uses of plants in the eastern Riviera (Liguria, Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 125: 16–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.06.021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornara, L., La Rocca, A., Terrizzano, L., Dente, F., and Mariotti, M. G. (2014). Ethnobotanical and phytochemical knowledge in the North-Western Ligurian Alps. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 155: 463–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corrain, C. (1989). Pratiche terapeutiche popolari nelle pendici orientali del Monte Grappa. Atti e memorie dell'Accademia Italiana di Storia della Farmacia 6(2): 161–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corsi, G., Gaspari, G., and Pagni, A. M. (1981). L’uso delle piante nell’economia domestica della Versilia collinare e montana. Atti Soc tosc Sci nat Mem, Serie B. 1981(87): 309–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotton, C. M. (1996). Ethnobotany: Principles and applications, Wiley.

  • Cutillo, F., D’Abrosca, B., Della Greca, M., Fiorentino, A., and Zarrelli, A. (2006). Terpenoids and phenol derivatives from Malva silvestris. Phytochemistry 67(5): 481–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuzzolin, L., Francini-Pesenti, F., Verlato, G., Joppi, M., Baldelli, P., and Benoni, G. (2010). Use of herbal products among 392 Italian pregnant women: Focus on pregnancy outcome. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 19(11): 1151–1158. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2040.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dall’Acqua, S., Tomè, F., Vitalini, S., Agradi, E., and Innocenti, G. (2009). In vitro estrogenic activity of Asplenium trichomanes L. extracts and isolated compounds. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 122(3): 424–429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dall’Acqua, S., Viola, G., Giorgetti, M., Loi, M. C., and Innocenti, G. (2006). Two new Sesquiterpene lactones from the leaves of Laurus nobilis. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 54(8): 1187–1189. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.54.1187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Boer, H. J., and Cotingting, C. (2014). Medicinal plants for Women’s healthcare in Southeast Asia: A meta-analysis of their traditional use, chemical constituents, and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 151: 747–767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Costa, C. (2002). St Anthony’s fire and living ligatures: A short history of Ergometrine. The Lancet 359(9319): 1768–1770.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Falco, B., and Lanzotti, V. (2018). NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in metabolomics analysis of Salvia. Phytochemistry Reviews 17(5): 951–972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Feo, V., Ambrosio, C., and Senatore, F. (1992a). Traditional Phytotherapy in Caserta Province, Campania, southern Italy. Fitoterapia 63: 337–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Feo, V., Aquino, R., Menghini, A., Ramundo, E., and Senatore, F. (1992b). Traditional Phytotherapy in the peninsula Sorrentina, Campania, southern Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 36(2): 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90010-O.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Feo, V., and Senatore, F. (1993). Medicinal plants and Phytotherapy in the Amalfitan coast, Salerno Province, Campania, southern Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 39(1): 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(93)90049-B.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Freitas, T. G., Augusto, P. M., and Montanari, T. (2005). Effect of Ruta Graveolens L. on pregnant mice. Contraception 71(1): 74–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Jesus, R. A. P., Cechinel-Filho, V., Oliveira, A. E., and Schlemper, V. (2000). Analysis of the Antinociceptive properties of Marrubiin isolated from Marrubium Vulgare. Phytomedicine 7(2): 111–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Natale, A., and Pollio, A. (2007). Plants species in the folk medicine of Montecorvino Rovella (inland Campania, Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 109(2): 295–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.038.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Santos Galíndez, J., Díaz Lanza, A., and Fernandez Matellano, L. (2002). Biologically active substances from the genus Scrophularia. Pharmaceutical Biology 40(1): 45–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Wet, H., and Ngubane, S. C. (2014). Traditional herbal remedies used by women in a rural Community in Northern Maputaland (South Africa) for the treatment of Gynaecology and obstetric complaints. South African Journal of Botany 94: 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.06.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dehdari, S., and Hajimehdipoor, H. (2018). Medicinal properties of Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn. In traditional medicine and modern Phytotherapy: A review article. Iranian Journal of Public Health 47(2): 188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dei Cas, L., Pugni, F., and Fico, G. (2015). Tradition of use on medicinal species in Valfurva (Sondrio, Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 163: 113–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Novella, R., Di Novella, N., De Martino, L., Mancini, E., and De Feo, V. (2013). Traditional plant use in the National Park of Cilento and Vallo di Diano, Campania, southern Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 145(1): 328–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Sanzo, P., De Martino, L., Mancini, E., and De Feo, V. (2013). Medicinal and useful plants in the tradition of Rotonda, Pollino National Park, southern Italy. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 9(1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The disease of cellulite. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 4(4): 221–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.00194.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edziri, H. L., Smach, M. A., Ammar, S., Mahjoub, M. A., Mighri, Z., Aouni, M., and Mastouri, M. (2011). Antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral effects of Lactuca Sativa extracts. Industrial Crops and Products 34(1): 1182–1185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elio, C., Intilangelo, F., Cavezzi, A., Dimitrova, G., Paccasassi, S., & Sigismondi, G., 2014. Treatment of Edematofibrosclerotic Panniculitis (Cellulite) and of Localised Adiposity with Extracts of Birch, Melilotus, Orthosiphon, Bromelin and Red Vine Leukocyanidine: Results from a Single-Centre Observational Prospective Study. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications.

  • Farzaei, M. H., Abbasabadi, Z., Shams Ardekani, M. R., Rahimi, R., and Farzaei, F. (2013). Parsley: A review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and biological activities. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 33(6): 815–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6272(14)60018-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferri, S. (1977). Piante medicinali e fitoterapia nel territorio di Cetona e Sarteano (Siena). Webbia 31: 105–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foong, S. C., Tan, M. L., Marasco, L. A., Ho, J. J., and Foong, W. C. (2015). Oral Galactagogues for increasing breast-Milk production in mothers of non hospitalised term infants. The Cochrane Library 4.

  • Forgione, G., De Martino, L., and De Feo, V. (2008). Medicinal Plant in Samnium Popular Medicine. Pharmacology Online 1: 90–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forinash, A. B., Yancey, A. M., Barnes, K. N., and Myles, T. D. (2012). The use of Galactogogues in the breastfeeding mother. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 46: 1392–1404. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1R167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fortini, P., Di Marzio, P., Guarrera, P. M., and Iorizzi, M. (2016). Ethnobotanical study on the medicinal plants in the Mainarde Mountains (central-southern Apennine, Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 184: 208–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fossati, F., Bianchi, A., and Favali, M. A. (1999). Farmacopea popolare del parmense: passato e presente. Informatore Botanico Italiano 31: 171–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • García-Herrera, P., Morales, P., Fernández-Ruiz, V., Sánchez-Mata, M. C., Cámara, M., Carvalho, A. M., et al (2014). Nutrients, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in wild populations of Allium Ampeloprasum L., a valuable underutilized vegetable. Food Research International 62: 272–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garg, V. K., and Paliwal, S. K. (2011). Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Cynodon Dactylon. International Journal of Pharmacology 7(3): 370–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasparetto, J. C., Martins, C. A. F., Hayashi, S. S., Otuky, M. F., and Pontarolo, R. (2012). Ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of Malva sylvestris L.: A millennial herbal medicine. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 4(2): 172–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01383.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gepdiremen, A., Mshvildadze, V., Süleyman, H., and Elias, R. (2005). Acute anti-inflammatory activity of four Saponins isolated from ivy: Alpha-hederin, Hederasaponin-C, Hederacolchiside-E and Hederacolchiside-F in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Phytomedicine 12(6–7): 440–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghorbani, A., and Esmaeilizadeh, M. (2017). Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 7(4): 433–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghorbani, A., Naghibi, F., and Mosaddegh, M. (2006). Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology and drug discovery. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2(2): 109–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilca, M., Gaman, L., Panait, E., Stoian, I., and Atanasiu, V. (2010). Chelidonium Majus–an integrative review: Traditional knowledge versus modern findings. Complementary Medicine Research 17(5): 241–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glasl, S., Mucaji, P., Werner, I., Presser, A., and Jurenitsch, J. (2002). Sesquiterpenes and flavonoid Aglycones from a Hungarian taxon of the Achillea Millefolium group. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 57c: 976–982. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-11-1203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González, J. A., García-Barriuso, M., and Amich, F. (2010). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants traditionally used in the Arribes del Duero, Western Spain. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 131(2): 343–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • González-Andrés, F., Redondo, P. A., Pescador, R., and Urbano, B. (2004). Management of Galega Officinalis L. and preliminary results on its potential for Milk production improvement in sheep. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 47(2): 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2004.9513591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grauso, L., Emrick, S., Bonanomi, G., and Lanzotti, V. (2019a). Metabolomics of the Alimurgic plants Taraxacum Officinale, Papaver Rhoeas and Urtica Dioica by combined NMR and GC–MS analysis. Phytochemical Analysis 30(5): 535–546. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grauso, L., Zotti, M., Sun, W., de Falco, B., Lanzotti, V., and Bonanomi, G. (2019b). Spectroscopic and multivariate data-based method to assess the Metabolomic fingerprint of Mediterranean plants. Phytochemical Analysis 30(5): 572–581. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guarino, C., De Simone, L., and Santoro, S. (2008). Ethnobotanical study of the Sannio area, Campania. Southern Italy Ethnobotany Research & Applications 6: 255–317 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guarrera, P. M., Lucchese, F., and Medori, S. (2008). Ethnophytotherapeutical research in the high Molise region (central-southern Italy). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 4(1): 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-4-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guarrera, P. M., Forti, G., and Marignoli, S. (2005a). Ethnobotanical and Ethnomedicinal uses of plants in the district of Acquapendente (Latium, Central Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96(3): 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guarrera, P. M., Savo, V., and Caneva, G. (2015). Traditional uses of plants in the Tolfa–Cerite–Manziate area (Central Italy). Ethnobiology Letters 6(1): 119–161 https://www.jstor.org/stable/26423613.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guarrera, P. M., Forti, G., and Marignoli, S. (2005b). Ethnobotanical and Ethnomedicinal uses of plants in the district of Acquapendente (Latium, Central Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96(3): 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gülçin, I., Küfrevioǧlu, Ö. I., Oktay, M., and Büyükokuroǧlu, M. E. (2004). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 90(2–3): 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.028.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Güven, K., Yücel, E., and Cetintaş, F. (2006). Antimicrobial activities of fruits of Crataegus and Pyrus. Species. Pharmaceutical Biology 44(2): 79–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haider, S., Nazreen, S., Alam, M. M., Gupta, A., Hamida, H., and Alam, M. S. (2011). Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Ethanolic extract and its various fractions from Adiantum capillus veneris Linn. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 138(3): 741–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, H. G., Griffiths, D. L., and McKenna, L. G. (2011). The use of complementary and alternative medicine by pregnant women: A literature review. Midwifery 27: 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2010.08.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, S. D., Campbell, O. M., 2004. Epidemiology of menstrual disorders in develo** countries: A systematic review. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology: REVIEW, 111(1), 6–16.

  • Hasanudin, K., Hashim, P., and Mustafa, S. (2012). Corn silk (stigma maydis) in healthcare: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Molecules 17(8): 9697–9715.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, M., Ankli, A., Frei, B., Weimann, C., and Sticher, O. (1998). Medicinal plants in Mexico: Healers’ consensus and cultural importance. Social Science & Medicine 47(11): 1859–1871.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hexsel, D., Orlandi, C., and Zechmeister Do Prado, D. (2005). Botanical extracts used in the treatment of cellulite. Dermatologic Surgery 31: 866–873. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2005.31733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hexsel, D., Soirefmann, M., 2011. Cosmeceuticals for cellulite. In: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. WB Saunders p. 167–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2011.06.005

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, P., 2005. The Major Importance of ‘Minor’ Resources: Women and Plant Biodiversity. Gatekeeper series no.112.

  • Huang, Y. S., and Ho, S. C. (2010). Polymethoxy flavones are responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of Citrus fruit Peel. Food Chemistry 119(3): 868–873.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iacovides, S., Avidon, I., and Baker, F. C. (2015). What we know about primary dysmenorrhea today: A critical review. Human Reproduction Update 21(6): 762–778. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmv039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibraheim, Z. Z., Ahmed, A. S., and Gouda, Y. G. (2011). Phytochemical and biological studies of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Saudi Pharm. J 19: 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2011.01.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Idolo, M., Motti, R., and Mazzoleni, S. (2010). Ethnobotanical and Phytomedicinal knowledge in a long-history protected area, the Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park (Italian Apennines). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 127(2): 379–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jafari-Sales, A., Jafari, B., Sayyahi, J., and Zohoori-Bonab, T. (2015). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Ethanolic extract of Malva Neglecta and Althaea Officinalis l. on antibiotic-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Today World 4(2): 58–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahanian, M., Rakhshandeh, H., and Teimuri, M. (1999). The effect of chamomile extract on dysmenorrhea. Med. J. Mashad Uni. Med. Sci 42: 33–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jan, N., and John, R. (2017). Calendula officinalis-an important medicinal plant with potential biological properties. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 83(4): 769–787.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeelani, S., and Khuroo, M. A. (2012). Triterpenoids from Arctium lappa. Natural Product Research 26(7): 654–658.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jena, J., and Gupta, A. K. (2012). Ricinus Communis Linn: A Phytopharmacological review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4(4): 25–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenabi, E., and Ebrahimzadeh, S. (2009). The effect of Matricaria Chamomilla tea on primary dysmenorrheal. J Med Plants 8: 39–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P. J., Kozhimannil, K. B., Jou, J., Ghildayal, N., and Rockwood, T. H. (2016). Complementary and alternative medicine use among women of reproductive age in the United States. Womens Health Issues: official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health 26(1): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2015.08.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ju, H., Jones, M., and Mishra, G. (2014). The prevalence and risk factors of dysmenorrhea. Epidemiologic Reviews 36: 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxt009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaleeswaran, B., Ilavenil, S., and Ravikumar, S. (2010). Screening of phytochemical properties and antibacterial activity of Cynodon dactylon L. International Journal of Current Research 3: 83–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kastner, U., Sosa, S., Tubaro, A., Breuer, J., Rücker, G., Della, L. R., and Jurenitsch, J. (1993). Anti-edematous activity of Sesquiterpene lactones from different taxa of the Achillea millefolium group. Planta Medica 59(S1): A669–A669.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kekesi, G., Dobos, I., Benedek, G., and Horvath, G. (2003). Antinociceptive activity of Sempervivum tectorum L. extract in rats. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives 17(9): 1032–1036.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalil, R., and Li, Z. G. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Salvia officinalis L. collected in Syria. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(42): 8397–8402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khare, C.P., 2008. Indian medicinal plants: An illustrated dictionary. Springer Science & Business Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kołodziej, B., Kowalski, R., and Kędzia, B. (2011). Antibacterial and Antimutagenic activity of extracts aboveground parts of three Solidago species: Solidago virgaurea L., Solidago canadensis L. and Solidago gigantea Ait. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 5(31): 6770–6779.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krauze-Baranowska, M., Majdan, M., Hałasa, R., Głód, D., Kula, M., Fecka, I., and Orzeł, A. (2014). The antimicrobial activity of fruits from some cultivar varieties of Rubus Idaeus and Rubus occidentalis. Food & Function 5(10): 2536–2541.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kweon, M. H., Kwak, J. H., Ra, K. S., Sung, H. C., and Yang, H. C. (1996). Structural characterization of a flavonoid compound scavenging superoxide anion radical isolated from Capsella Bursa Pastoris. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 29: 423–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanzotti, V. (2005). Bioactive saponins from Allium and Aster plants. Phytochemistry Reviews 4(2–3): 95–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lapi, F., Vannacci, A., Moschini, M., Cipollini, F., et al (2008). Use, attitudes and knowledge of complementary and alternative drugs (CADs) among pregnant women: A preliminary survey in Tuscany. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 7(4): 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nen031.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leporatti, M. L., and Corradi, L. (2001). Ethnopharmacobotanical remarks on the province of Chieti town (Abruzzo, Central Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 74(1): 17–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00325-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leporatti, M. L., and Pavesi, A. (1990). New or uncommon uses of several medicinal plants in some areas of Central Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 29(2): 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(90)90058-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leporatti, M. L., Pavesi, A., and Posocco, E. (1985). Phytotherapy in the Valnerina Marche (Central Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 14(1): 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(85)90028-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leto, C., Tuttolomondo, T., La Bella, S., and Licata, M. (2013). Ethnobotanical study in the Madonie Regional Park (Central Sicily, Italy) - medicinal use of wild shrub and herbaceous plant species. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 146(1): 90–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.042.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, C. C., Lin, J. M., Yang, J. J., Chuang, S. C., and Ujiie, T. (1996). Anti-inflammatory and radical scavenge effects of Arctium lappa. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 24(02): 127–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozturk, S., and Ercisli, S. (2007). Antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Althaea officinalis. And Althaea cannabina. From Turkey. Pharmaceutical Biology 45(3): 235–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J. Y., Li, C. Y., and Hwang, I. F. (2008). Characterisation of the pigment components in red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var.) juice and their anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated murine Splenocytes. Food Chemistry 109(4): 771–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lodhi, S., Vadnere, G. P., Sharma, V. K., and Usman, M. R. (2017). Marrubium vulgare L.: A review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. J Intercult. Ethnopharmacol 6(4): 429–452. https://doi.org/10.5455/jice.20170713060840.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loescher, C. M., Morton, D. W., Razic, S., and Agatonovic-Kustrin, S. (2014). High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Calendula officinalis. Advantages and limitations. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 98: 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loi, M. C., Frailis, L., and Maxia, A. (2002). Le piante utilizzate nella medicina popolare nel territorio di Gesturi (Sardegna centro-meridionale). Atti Soc Tosc Sci Nat Mem Serie B 109: 167–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loi, M. C., Maxia, L., and Maxia, A. (2005). Ethnobotanical comparison between the villages of Escolca and Lotzorai (Sardinia, Italy). Journal of Herbs Spices & Medicinal Plants 11(3): 67–84. https://doi.org/10.1300/J044v11n03_07.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loi, M. C., Poli, F., Sacchetti, G., Selenu, M. B., and Ballero, M. (2004). Ethnopharmacology of Ogliastra (Villagrande Strisaili, Sardinia, Italy). Fitoterapia 75(3–4): 277–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccioni, S., Monti, G., Flamini, G., Cioni, P. L., Morelli, I., and Guazzi, E. (2004). Ricerche etnobotaniche in Liguria. La Val Lerrone e la bassa Valle Arroscia. Atti Soc Tosc Sci Nat Mem Serie B 11: 129–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maior, M. C., and Dobrotă, C. (2013). Natural compounds with important medical potential found in Helleborus sp. Central European Journal of Biology 3: 272–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandalari, G., Bennett, R. N., Bisignano, G., Trombetta, D., Saija, A., Faulds, C. B., et al (2007). Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids extracted from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) Peel, a byproduct of the essential oil industry. Journal of Applied Microbiology 103(6): 2056–2064.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martelli, I., Braca, A., and Camangi, F. (2015-2016). Tradizioni etnofarmacobotaniche nel territorio del Gabbro (Livorno-Toscana). Quad. Mus. St. Nat. Livorno 26: 15–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masullo, M., Montoro, P., Mari, A., Pizza, C., and Piacente, S. (2015). Medicinal plants in the treatment of Women’s disorders: Analytical strategies to assure quality, safety and efficacy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 113: 189–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maxia, A., Lancioni, M. C., Balia, A. N., Alberghetti, R., Pieroni, A., and Loi, M. C. (2008). Medical ethnobotany of the Tabarkins, a northern Italian (Ligurian) minority in South-Western Sardinia. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 55: 911–924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-007-9296-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menale, B., Amato, G., Di Prisco, C., and Muoio, R. (2006). Traditional uses of plants in North-Western Molise (Central Italy). Delpinoa 48: 29–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menale, B., De Castro, O., Cascone, C., and Muoio, R. (2016). Ethnobotanical investigation on medicinal plants in the Vesuvio National Park (Campania, southern Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 192: 320–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.049.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menale, B., and Muoio, R. (2014). Use of medicinal plants in the south-eastern area of the Partenio Regional Park (Campania, southern Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 153: 297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikaili, P., Mojaverrostami, S., Moloudizargari, M., and Aghajanshakeri, S. (2013). Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Mentha Longifolia L. and its Main constituent, menthol. Ancient Science of Life 33(2): 131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millezi, A. F., Caixeta, D. S., Rossoni, D. F., Cardoso, M. D. G., and Piccoli, R. H. (2012). In vitro antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon Citratus and Laurus Nobilis against five important foodborne pathogens. Food Science and Technology 32(1): 167–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirabi, P., Alamolhoda, S. H., Esmaeilzadeh, S., and Mojab, F. (2014). Effect of medicinal herbs on primary Dysmenorrhoea-a systematic review. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR 13(3): 757.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miraldi, E., Ferri, S., and Mostaghimi, V. (2001). Botanical drugs and preparations in the traditional medicine of West Azerbaijan (Iran). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 75(2–3): 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00381-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mizgier, P., Kucharska, A. Z., Sokół-Łętowska, A., Kolniak-Ostek, J., Kidoń, M., and Fecka, I. (2016). Characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of red cabbage and purple carrot extracts. Journal of Functional Foods 21: 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modaress, M., Mirmohhamad, M., Oshireh, Z., and Mehran, A. (2011). Comparison of the effect of Mefenamic acid and Matricaria Chamomilla capsules on primary dysmenorrhea. J Babol Uni Med Sci 13: 50–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montesano, V., Negro, D., Sarli, G., De Lisi, A., Laghett, I. G., and Hammer, K. (2012). Notes about the uses of plants by one of the last healers in the Basilicata region (South Italy). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 8: 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-8-15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morteza-Semnani, K., Saeedi, M., and Babanezhad, E. (2008). The essential composition of Marrubium vulgare L. from Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research 20(6): 488–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Motti, R., Antignani, V., and Idolo, M. (2009). Traditional plant use in the Phlegraean fields Regional Park (Campania, southern Italy). Human Ecology 37: 775–782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-009-9254-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Motti, R., Ippolito, F., and Bonanomi, G. (2018). Folk Phytotherapy used in Paediatric health Care in Central and Southern Italy Regions: A review. Human Ecology 46: 573–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-018-0005-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Motti, R., and Motti, P. (2017). An ethnobotanical survey of useful plants in the agro Nocerino Sarnese (Campania, southern Italy). Human Ecology 45: 865–878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-017-9946-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muley, B. P., Khadabadi, S. S., and Banarase, N. B. (2009). Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae): A review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 8(5): 455–465. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v8i5.48090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulholland, D. A., Schwikkard, S. L., and Crouch, N. R. (2013). The chemistry and biological activity of the Hyacinthaceae. Natural Product Reports 30(9): 1165–1210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, P. A., Kronenberg, F., and Wade, C. (1999). Complementary and alternative medicine in Women’s health: Develo** a research agenda. Journal of Nurse-Midwifery 44: 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-2182(99)00035-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Navarra, M., Mannucci, C., Delbò, M., and Calapai, G. (2015). Citrus Bergamia essential oil: From basic research to clinical application. Frontiers in Pharmacology 6: 36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nawwar, M. A. M., El-Mousalamy, A. M. D., Barakat, H. H., Buddrus, J., and Linscheid, M. (1989). Flavonoid lactates from leaves of Marrubium Vulgare. Phytochemistry 28: 3201–3206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80307-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naz, R., and Bano, A. (2012). Antimicrobial potential of Ricinus Communis leaf extracts in different solvents against pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2(12): 944–947.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemeth, E., and Bernath, J. (2008). Biological activities of yarrow species (Achillea spp.). Current Pharmaceutical Design 14(29): 3151–3167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordeng, H., and Havnen, G. C. (2004). Use of herbal drugs in pregnancy: A survey among 400 Norwegian women. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 13: 371–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.09.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pagni, A. M., and Corsi, G. (1979). Studi sulla Flora e vegetazione del Monte Pisano (Toscana Nord-Occidentale). 2. Le piante della medicina popolare nel versante lucchese. Webbia 33: 471–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panth, N., Paudel, K. R., and Karki, R. (2016). Phytochemical profile and biological activity of Juglans Regia. Journal of Integrative Medicine 14(5): 359–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pápay, Z. E., Kósa, A., Boldizsár, I., Ruszkai, A., Balogh, E., Klebovich, I., and Antal, I. (2012). Pharmaceutical and formulation aspects of Petroselinum crispum extract. Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 82(1): 3–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pareek, A., Suthar, M., Rathore, G. S., and Bansal, V. (2011). Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): A systematic review. Pharmacognosy Reviews 5(9): 103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Passalacqua, N. G., De Fine, G., and Guarrera, P. M. (2007). Contribution to the knowledge of the veterinary science and of the ethnobotany in Calabria region (southern Italy). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2: 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-2-52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patrakar, R., Mansuriya, M., and Patil, P. (2012). Phytochemical and pharmacological review on Laurus nobilis. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences 1(2): 595–602. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.54.1187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Penagos Tabares, F., Bedoya Jaramillo, J. V., and Ruiz-Cortés, Z. T. (2014). Pharmacological overview of Galactogogues, Veterinary Medicine International. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/602894.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrovic, J., Stanojkovic, A., Comic, L. J., and Curcic, S. (2004). Antibacterial activity of Cichorium Intybus. Fitoterapia 75(7–8): 737–739.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pieroni, A., and Quave, C. L. (2005). Traditional pharmacopoeias and medicines among Albanians and Italians in southern Italy: A comparison. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 101(1–3): 258–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pieroni, A., Quave, C. L., and Santoro, R. F. (2004b). Folk pharmaceutical knowledge in the territory of the Dolomiti Lucane, inland southern Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 95: 373–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pieroni, A., Quave, C. L., Villanelli, M. L., Mangino, P., et al (2004a). Ethnopharmacognostic survey on the natural ingredients used in folk cosmetics, cosmeceuticals and remedies for healing skin diseases in the inland marches, central-eastern Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 91(2–3): 331–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.01.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prudente, A.S., Loddi, A.M., Duarte, M.R., Santos, A.R., … .Cabrini, D.A.., 2013. Pre-clinical anti-inflammatory aspects of a cuisine and medicinal millennial herb: Malva Sylvestris L. Food and Chemical Toxicology 58, 324–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.042

    Google Scholar 

  • Radulović, N., Stojanović, G., and Palić, R. (2006). Composition and antimicrobial activity of Equisetum arvense L. essential oil. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives 20(1): 85–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raikhlin-Eisenkraft, B., and Bentur, Y. (2000). Ecbalium elaterium (squirting cucumber)—Remedy or poison?.Journal of. Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 38(3): 305–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranfa, A., Maurizi, A., Romano, B., and Bodesmo, M. (2013). The importance of traditional uses and nutraceutical aspects of some edible wild plants in human nutrition: The case of Umbria (Central Italy). Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology: Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana 148: 297–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasekh, H. R., Nazari, P., Kamli-Nejad, M., and Hosseinzadeh, L. (2008). Acute and subchronic oral toxicity of Galega Officinalis in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 116(1): 21–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rastogi, S., Pandey, M. M., and Rawat, A. K. S. (2015). Medicinal plants of the genus Betula—Traditional uses and a phytochemical–pharmacological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 159: 62–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rastogi, S., Pandey, M. M., and Rawat, A. K. S. (2018). Ethnopharmacological uses, Phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Adiantum: A comprehensive review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 215: 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.034.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rather, M. A., Dar, B. A., Sofi, S. N., Bhat, B. A., and Qurishi, M. A. (2016). Foeniculum Vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 9: S1574–S1583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauha, J. P., Remes, S., Heinonen, M., Hopia, A., Kähkönen, M., Kujala, T., et al (2000). Antimicrobial effects of Finnish plant extracts containing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. International Journal of Food Microbiology 56(1): 3–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravikumar, C. (2015). Therapeutic potential of Brassica oleracea (broccoli)–a review. Int J Drug Dev & Res 7(2): 009–010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Razavi, S. M., Zarrini, G., Molavi, G., and Ghasemi, G. (2011). Bioactivity of Malva sylvestris L., a medicinal plant from Iran. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 14(6): 574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokayya, S., Li, C. J., Zhao, Y., Li, Y., and Sun, C. H. (2013). Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) phytochemicals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 14(11): 6657–6662. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.11.6657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sacco, T., Frattini, C., and Bicchi, C. (1983). Constituents of essential oil of Artemisia Arborescens. Planta Medica 47(01): 49–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saeidnia, S., Gohari, A. R., Mokhber-Dezfuli, N., and Kiuchi, F. (2011). A review on Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of the genus Achillea. Daru: Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 19(3): 173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salhab, A. S. (2013). Human exposure to Ecballium Elaterium fruit juice: Fatal toxicity and possible remedy. Pharmacology & Pharmacy 4(05): 447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savo, V., Caneva, G., Guarrera, P. M., and Reedy, D. (2011). Folk Phytotherapy of the Amalfi coast (Campania, southern Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 135: 376–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savo, V., Salomone, F., Bartoli, F., and Caneva, G. (2019). When the local cuisine still incorporates wild food plants: The unknown traditions of the Monti Picentini Regional Park (southern Italy). Economic Botany: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-018-9432-4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherrer, A. M., Motti, R., and Weckerle, C. S. (2005). Traditional plant use in the areas of Monte Vesole and Ascea, Cilento National Park (Campania, southern Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 97: 129–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlemper, V., Ribas, A., Nicolau, M., and Cechinel Filho, V. (1996). Antispasmodic effects of hydro alcoholic extract of Marrubium Vulgare on isolated tissues. Phytomedicine 3: 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(96)80038-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scortegagna, S., 2016. Flora popolare veneta. Nomi e usi tradizionali delle piante nel Veneto. WBA Monographs 3, Verona: 1–704.

  • Sharma, M., and Kumar, A. (2013). Ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants: A review. Int J Life Sci Pharm Res 3(2): 52–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shibata, T., Nakashima, F., Honda, K., Lu, Y. J., et al (2014). Toll-like receptors as a target of food-derived anti-inflammatory compounds. Journal of Biological Chemistry 289(47): 32757–32772. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.585901.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shokrzadeh, M., and Saravi, S. S. (2010). The chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties of Sambucus ebulus: A review. J med plants res 4(2): 95–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, R., Verma, P. K., and Singh, G. (2012). Total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin contents in different extracts of Artemisia absinthium. Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 1(2): 101–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjölin, S., Hofvander, Y., and Hillervik, C. (1977). Factors related to early termination of breast feeding. A retrospective study in Sweden. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 66(4): 505–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1977.tb07935.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soejarto, D.D., Gyllenhaal, C., Riley, M.C., Zhang, H., 2009, Ethnobotany of natural products. In: Pezzuto, J., Kato, M.J. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO. Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK [〈http://www.eolss.net〉].

  • Song, N., Xu, W., Guan, H., Liu, X., Wang, Y., and Nie, X. (2007). Several flavonoids from Capsella Bursa-Pastoris (L.) medic. Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines 2(5): 218–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Speroni, E., Cervellati, R., Costa, S., Dall'Acqua, S., Guerra, M. C., Panizzolo, C., et al (2007). Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activity of cyclamen Repandum S. et S. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives 21(7): 684–689.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srithi, K., Trisonthi, C., Wangpakapattanawong, P., and Balslev, H. (2012). Medicinal plants used in Hmong Women’s healthcare in northern Thailand. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 139: 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.028.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Starks, C. M., Williams, R. B., Goering, M. G., O’Neil-Johnson, M., Norman, V. L., Hu, J. F., .. Eldridge, G.R., 2010. Antibacterial Clerodane Diterpenes from goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea). Phytochemistry, 71(1), 104–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steenkamp, V. (2003). Traditional herbal remedies used by south African women for Gynaecological complaints. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 86: 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00053-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Street, R. A., Sidana, J., Prinsloo, G., 2013. Cichorium intybus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

  • Švehlíková, V., and Repčák, M. (2006). Apigenin Chemotypes of Matricaria chamomilla L. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 34: 654–657.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tadić, V. M., Dobrić, S., Marković, G. M., Ðorđević, S. M., Arsić, I. A., Menković, N. R., and Stević, T. (2008). Anti-inflammatory, Gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56(17): 7700–7709.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuttolomondo, T., Licata, M., Leto, C., Bonsangue, G., Gargano, M. L., Venturella, G., and La Bella, S. (2014b). Popular uses of wild plant species for medicinal purposes in the Nebrodi Regional Park (North-Eastern Sicily). Italy J Ethnopharmacol 157: 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuttolomondo, T., Licata, M., Leto, C., Gargano, M. L., Venturella, G., and La Bella, S. (2014a). Plant genetic resources and traditional knowledge on medicinal use of wild shrub and herbaceous plant species in the Etna Regional Park (eastern Sicily, Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 155: 1362–1381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.043.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuttolomondo, T., Licata, M., Leto, C., Savo, V., et al (2014c). Ethnobotanical investigation on wild medicinal plants in the Monti Sicani Regional Park (Sicily, Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 153: 568–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.032.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uncini Manganelli, R. E., Camangi, F., Tomei, P. E., and Oggiano, N. (2002). L’uso delle erbe nella tradizione rurale della Toscana, Voll. I-II. ARSIA - Regione Toscana, Firenze.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uncini Manganelli, R. E., and Tomei, P. E. (1999). Ethnopharmacobotanical studies of the Tuscan archipelago. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 65(3): 181–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00177-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Andel, T., de Boer, H. J., Barnes, J., and Vandebroek, I. (2014). Medicinal plants used for menstrual disorders in Latin America, the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, south and Southeast Asia and their uterine properties: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 155(2): 992–1000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vetter, J. (2004). Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Food and Chemical Toxicology 42(9): 1373–1382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitalini, S., Iriti, M., Puricelli, C., Ciuchi, D., Segale, A., and Fico, G. (2013). Traditional knowledge on medicinal and food plants used in Val san Giacomo (Sondrio, Italy) - an Alpine ethnobotanical study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 145: 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.024.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitalini, S., Puricelli, C., Mikerezi, I., and Iriti, M. (2015). Plants, people and traditions: Ethnobotanical survey in the Lombard Stelvio National Park and neighbouring areas (Central Alps, Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 173: 435–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.036.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilinska, M., and Schleußner, E. (2015). Galactogogues and breastfeeding. Focus on new natural solutions for Hypogalactia. Nutrafoods 14: 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13749-015-0034-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C. R., Sauer, J. M., and Hooser, S. B. (2001). Taxines: A review of the mechanism and toxicity of yew (Taxus spp.) alkaloids. Toxicon 39(2–3): 175–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yabesh, J. M., Prabhu, S., and Vijayakumar, S. (2014). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Silent Valley of Kerala, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 154(3): 774–789.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaeesh, S., Jamal, Q., Khan, A. U., and Gilani, A. H. (2006). Studies on Hepatoprotective, antispasmodic and calcium antagonist activities of the aqueous-methanol extract of Achillea Millefolium. Phytotherapy Research 20: 546–551. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1897.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yazbek, P. B., Tezoto, J., Cassas, F., and Rodrigues, E. (2016). Plants used during maternity, menstrual cycle and other Women’s health conditions among Brazilian cultures. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 179: 310–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz, B., Yilmaz, B., Aktaş, B., Unlu, O., and Roach, E. C. (2015). Lesser Celandine (pilewort) induced acute toxic liver injury: The first case report worldwide. World Journal of Hepatology 7(2): 285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa, M., Uemura, T., Shimoda, H., Kishi, A., Kawahara, Y., and Matsuda, H. (2000). Medicinal foodstuffs. XVIII. Phytoestrogens from the aerial part of Petroselinum Crispum MIll. (parsley) and structures of 6’-Acetylapiin and a new monoterpene glycoside, Petroside. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 48(7): 1039–1044. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.48.1039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, Q., Zhang, X., Liu, Z., Song, S., Xue, P., Wang, J., and Ruan, J. (2013). Ethanol extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 147: 603–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zanoli, P., and Zavatti, M. (2008). Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of Humulus lupulus L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 116(3): 383–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Živković, S., Skorić, M., Šiler, B., Dmitrović, S., Filipović, B., Nikolić, T., and Mišić, D. (2017). Phytochemical characterization and antioxidant potential of rustyback fern (Asplenium ceterach L.). Lekovite sirovine 37: 15–20.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Mark Walters for fine-tuning the original draft of the manuscript.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy

    Riccardo Motti, Giuliano Bonanomi, Stefano Emrick & Virginia Lanzotti

Authors
  1. Riccardo Motti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Giuliano Bonanomi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Stefano Emrick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Virginia Lanzotti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Riccardo Motti.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Motti, R., Bonanomi, G., Emrick, S. et al. Traditional Herbal Remedies Used in women’s Health Care in Italy: a Review. Hum Ecol 47, 941–972 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-00125-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-00125-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation