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Qualitative and quantitative genetic variations in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

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Abstract

The testing for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability (DUS) is a prerequisite for release and intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection of new cultivars. Ninety eight bitter gourd genotypes were characterized for 12 agro-morphological traits using DUS guidelines developed by UPOV. Shannon–Wiener diversity index across genotypes varied from 0.00 to 1.32 with mean value of 0.52, demonstrating the adequate phenotypic diversity. Estimates of diversity indices across Indian origins (0.52) and botanical variety, Momordica charantia var. charantia (0.53) genotypes exceeds exotic origins (0.50) and Momordica charantia var. muricata genotypes (0.34). The traits like leaf blade: depth of lobing, fruit color of skin and fruit tubercles were most diverse traits that can distinguish genotypes of bitter gourd. The other traits like sex forms and ridge patterns can be used for identifying and gro** of bitter gourd cultivars. The wide variation was also recorded for quantitative traits like node number of first female flower (9.14–27.48), days to first female flower opening (38.62–60.30), days to first fruit harvest (45.68–73.40), fruit length (4.65–21.45 cm), fruit diameter (2.76–6.23 cm), fruit weight (23.14–88.63 g), fruits per plant (12.36–44.40), yield per plant (546.87–2354.51 g) and vine length (118.63–171.28 cm). High heritability for most of the quantitative traits indicated that selection would be effective in improving these traits. This is the first comprehensive study on DUS characterization and identification of a unique trait like white flower (DBGS-54-18) in bitter gourd. The presence of considerable levels of phenotypic variation could be exploited as a source of valuable gene pool for future breeding programme.

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Abbreviations

DUS:

Distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability

IPRs:

Intellectual property rights

UPOV:

International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants

PPV&FRA:

Protection of plant varieties and farmer's right authority

PGRs:

Plant genetic resources

PBRs:

Plant breeder’s rights

RHS:

Royal Horticultural Society

GCV:

Genotypic coefficient of variation

PCV:

Phenotypic coefficient of variation

GA:

Genetic advance

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Acknowledgements

The research work was supported by In-house project on “Genetic improvement of vegetable and flower crops” (Crop: Bitter gourd), Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.

Funding

The work was supported by Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    K. N. Mallikarjuna, Bhoopal Singh Tomar, Manisha Mangal, Sachin Kumar, Avinash Tomer & Gograj Singh Jat

  2. Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    Naveen Singh

  3. ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    Deepak Singh

  4. ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221305, India

    Tusar Kanti Behera

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  1. K. N. Mallikarjuna
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Contributions

Conceptualization, GSJ and BST; methodology, KNM; GSJ and SK; resources, TKB and BST; data curation, KNM; G.S.J. and AT; writing—original draft preparation, GSJ; writing—review and editing, GSJ; NS; MM; TKB; supervision, BST and GSJ; Formal analysis, DS. All authors have read and agreed to publish the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Bhoopal Singh Tomar or Gograj Singh Jat.

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Mallikarjuna, K.N., Tomar, B.S., Mangal, M. et al. Qualitative and quantitative genetic variations in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Genet Resour Crop Evol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-01860-4

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