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Agro-morphological variability and genetic diversity in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) germplasm accessions with emphasis on flowering and maturity time

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Abstract

Assessment of genetic diversity and extent of trait variation among germplasm accessions facilitate the effective use of genetic resources for varietal development. In linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), early maturity is desirable as it helps avoid several biotic and abiotic stress. In present study, genetic variability of 220 accessions of linseed was studied using 25 agro-morphological traits for 2 years, 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. Remarkable variability was observed for flowering, maturity and other economically important traits such as thousand seed weight, capsule number, seed, and capsule area. Based on 2-year evaluation data for flowering and maturity traits, a panel of 34 accessions was constructed to study genetic diversity using SSR markers. Total 89 alleles were amplified with a mean of 3.069 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content value ranged from 0.20 to 0.66 with mean of 0.42. Clustering based on SSR data followed the flowering-maturity trait pattern to a large extent. Genetic population structure analysis showed two populations in similarity with the trait groups. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 16% variance among the populations. Shannon's diversity information index within population I and II were 0.67 and 0.78, respectively. Additionally, allelic variation in a putative floral homeotic gene encoding APETALA2 transcription factor was studied in two early and two late accessions by PCR amplification and sequencing. Total 12 SNPs were identified, of which six could distinguish early and late accessions. The genetic and genomic resources identified here are expected to aid in linseed genetic improvement programme targeted to specific traits, especially, early flowering and maturity.

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Abbreviations

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

nsSNP:

Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism

SSR:

Simple sequence repeat

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge funding from Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India and Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR), New Delhi. Authors thank Director, ICAR-NBPGR and Heads, DGR, DGE for the research facilities and facilitation. Authors acknowledge Dr. Soma S. Marla and Dr. Sunil Archak for critically reading the manuscript and technical support from Mr. B. L. Meena (ACTO and Farm manager) in the field experiment. Authors also acknowledge the help extended by Dr. Nachiket Kotwaliwale, Principal Scientist, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, MP, India in recording data for seed morphometry. Contributions of several scientists and technicians in exploration and conservation of linseed genetic resources over the time at ICAR-NBPGR is greatly acknowledged.

Funding

This study was supported by funding from Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India in the form of Early Career Research Award (ECR/2017/001280) to DPW. This study is also part of ICAR-NBPGR institutional Project (PGR/DGR-BUR- DEL-01.01) and received institutional funding from the same.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Ankit Saroha, Deepa Pal, Vikender Kaur, Sandeep Kumar, Arti Bartwal, J. Aravind, J. Radhamani, S. Rajkumar, Rajesh Kumar & Dhammaprakash Pandhari Wankhede

  2. ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources- Regional Station, PDKV campus, Akola, India

    Sunil S. Gomashe

  3. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ankit Saroha & Abhishek Sengupta

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  1. Ankit Saroha
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Contributions

AS: Investigation, data curation, formal analysis, writing original draft; DP: Investigation; VK: Conceptualization, formal analysis; SK: Investigation; AB: Validation; JA: Resources, formal analysis; JR: Resources; SR: Conceptualization; RK: Supervision; SSG: Investigation AS: Supervision; DPW: Conceptualization, resources, funding acquisition, Supervision, writing original draft.

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Correspondence to Dhammaprakash Pandhari Wankhede.

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Saroha, A., Pal, D., Kaur, V. et al. Agro-morphological variability and genetic diversity in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) germplasm accessions with emphasis on flowering and maturity time. Genet Resour Crop Evol 69, 315–333 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01231-3

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