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Surviving in isolation: genetic variation, bottlenecks and reproductive strategies in the Canarian endemic Limonium macrophyllum (Plumbaginaceae)

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Abstract

Oceanic archipelagos are typically rich in endemic taxa, because they offer ideal conditions for diversification and speciation in isolation. One of the most remarkable evolutionary radiations on the Canary Islands comprises the 16 species included in Limonium subsection Nobiles, all of which are subject to diverse threats, and legally protected. Since many of them are single-island endemics limited to one or a few populations, there exists a risk that a loss of genetic variation might limit their long-term survival. In this study, we used eight newly developed microsatellite markers to characterize the levels of genetic variation and inbreeding in L. macrophyllum, a species endemic to the North-east of Tenerife that belongs to Limonium subsection Nobiles. We detected generally low levels of genetic variation over all populations (H T = 0.363), and substantial differentiation among populations (F ST = 0.188; R ST = 0.186) coupled with a negligible degree of inbreeding (F = 0.042). Obligate outcrossing may have maintained L. macrophyllum relatively unaffected by inbreeding despite the species’ limited dispersal ability and the genetic bottlenecks likely caused by a prolonged history of grazing. Although several factors still constitute a risk for the conservation of L. macrophyllum, the lack of inbreeding and the recent positive demographic trends observed in the populations of this species are factors that favour its future persistence.

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Acknowledgements

We thank B. Keller for her assistance in the laboratory, A. Reyes-Betancort for his advice and help in the field, and M. Meloni for her contribution to the scientific development of this study. We also thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped us to improve this manuscript. Collection permits were granted by the Consejería de Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias and by the Cabildo de Tenerife. This research was funded with a post-doctoral fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of Education to A. Jiménez, with a G. and A. Claraz-Schenkung Foundation grant to (A) Jiménez and (B) Weigelt for field work, and with funding from the University of Zurich.

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  1. Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland

    Ares Jiménez, Barbara Weigelt & Elena Conti

  2. Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Calle Guaidil 16, 38280, Tegueste, Tenerife, Spain

    Arnoldo Santos-Guerra

  3. Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo” – Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino al palmeral 15, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

    Juli Caujapé-Castells

  4. Island Ecology and Biogeography Research Group, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38109, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    José María Fernández-Palacios

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  1. Ares Jiménez
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Jiménez, A., Weigelt, B., Santos-Guerra, A. et al. Surviving in isolation: genetic variation, bottlenecks and reproductive strategies in the Canarian endemic Limonium macrophyllum (Plumbaginaceae). Genetica 145, 91–104 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-017-9948-z

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