Log in

Metaverse-related perceptions and sentiments on Twitter: evidence from text mining and network analysis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Electronic Commerce Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The concept of the metaverse promises a cyber-social platform, a virtual space offering a new reality, new collaboration, and communication opportunities. Despite its growing popularity and anticipation that it is the next big thing, there is a research gap regarding metaverse-related perceptions and sentiments. We aim to bridge this gap by taking a computational perspective to uncover the metaverse-related sentiments and perceptions on Twitter. Two million tweets shared in 2021 were examined using a combination of sentiment, text, and network analysis to classify tweets and words into sentiment categories, gather frequently used phrases, and detect central words and hashtags, respectively. The findings revealed that positive sentiments and emotions (anticipation, trust, joy) are prevalent in the tweets. The prevalence of three clusters in tweets, blockchain, gaming, and virtual reality, indicates that the concept of the metaverse is perceived as interrelated and integrated with finance, entertainment, and technology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (France)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

References

  1. Stephenson, N. (1992). Snow crash. Bantam.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Metaverse. (n.d.). Cambridge Dictionary. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/metaverse. Accessed 11 Aug 2022.

  3. Sparkes, M. (2021). 3D-printed steel bridge takes the load in Amsterdam. New Scientist, 251(3344), 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(21)01450-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Calandra, C., & Chiu, E. (2021). Into the Metaverse. Wunderman Thompson Intelligence.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Grider, D. & Maximo, M. (2021). The Metaverse: Web 3.0 Virtual Cloud Economies. Research Report, Grayscale Research.

  6. Jeon, H., Youn, H., Ko, S., & Kim, T. (2021). Blockchain and AI meet in the Metaverse. In T. Fernández-Caramés & P. Fraga-Lamas (Eds.), Advances in the convergence of blockchain and artificial intelligence (pp. 73–82). IntechOpen.

    Google Scholar 

  7. John, D. N., Dionisio, W. G., Burns, I. I. I., & Gilbert, R. (2013). 3D virtual worlds and the metaverse: Current status and future possibilities. ACM Computing Surveys, 45(3), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1145/2480741.2480751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Lee, L. H., Braud, T., Zhou, P., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., Kumar, A., Bermejo, C., & Hui, P. (2021). All one needs to know about metaverse: A complete survey on technological singularity, virtual ecosystem, and research agenda. ar**v preprint ar**v:2110.05352.

  9. Nevelsteen, K. J. (2018). Virtual world, defined from a technological perspective and applied to video games, mixed reality, and the Metaverse. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 29(1), e1752. https://doi.org/10.1002/cav.1752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Google Trends. (2022). Metaverse search term. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=today%205-y&q=metaverse&hl=en-US. Accessed 15 Aug 2022.

  11. Duan, H., Li, J., Fan, S., Lin, Z., Wu, X., Cai, W. (2021). Metaverse for social good: A University campus prototype. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia. pp. 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3479238

  12. Emmelkamp, P. M., & Meyerbröker, K. (2021). Virtual reality therapy in mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 17, 495–519. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-115923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Dincelli, E., & Yayla, A. (2022). Immersive virtual reality in the age of the Metaverse: A hybrid-narrative review based on the technology affordance perspective. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 31(2), 101717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2022.101717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hamilton, D., McKechnie, J., Edgerton, E., & Wilson, C. (2021). Immersive virtual reality as a pedagogical tool in education: A systematic literature review of quantitative learning outcomes and experimental design. Journal of Computers in Education, 8(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-020-00169-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wei, D. (2022). Gemiverse: The blockchain-based professional certification and tourism platform with its own ecosystem in the metaverse. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 10(2), 322–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.05.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bec, A., Moyle, B., Schaffer, V., & Timms, K. (2021). Virtual reality and mixed reality for second chance tourism. Tourism Management, 83, 104256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wijkmark, C., Heldal, I., & Metallinou, M. (2021). Experiencing Immersive VR Simulation for Firefighter Skills Training. In A. Adrot, R. Grace, K. Moore, & C. W. Zobel (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. ISCRAM. pp. 913–921. WiP Paper.

  18. Zhou, M., Leenders, M. A., & Cong, L. M. (2018). Ownership in the virtual world and the implications for long-term user innovation success. Technovation, 78, 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2018.06.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. de la Fuente Prieto, J., Lacasa, P., & Martínez-Borda, R. (2022). Approaching metaverses: Mixed reality interfaces in youth media platforms. New Techno Humanities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techum.2022.04.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhao, Y., Jiang, J., Chen, Y., Liu, R., Yang, Y., Xue, X., & Chen, S. (2022). Metaverse: Perspectives from graphics, interactions and visualization. Visual Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visinf.2022.03.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wu, T. C., & Ho, C. T. B. (2022). A sco** review of Metaverse in emergency medicine. Australasian Emergency Care. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.auec.2022.08.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Werner, H., Ribeiro, G., Arcoverde, V., Lopes, J., & Velho, L. (2022). The use of metaverse in fetal medicine and gynecology. European Journal of Radiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Garavand, A., & Aslani, N. (2022). Metaverse phenomenon and its impact on health: A sco** review. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2022.101029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sun, M., **e, L., Liu, Y., Li, K., Jiang, B., Lu, Y., Yang, Y., Yu, H., Song, Y., Bai, C., & Yang, D. (2022). The Metaverse in current digital medicine. Clinical eHealth. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceh.2022.07.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Yang, D., Zhou, J., Chen, R., Song, Y., Song, Z., Zhang, X., Wang, Q., Wang, K., Zhou, C., Sun, J., Zhang, L., Bai, L., Yuehong Wang, X., Wang, Y. L., **n, H., Powell, C. A., Thüemmler, C., Chavannes, N. H., Chen, W., … Bai, C. (2022). Expert consensus on the metaverse in medicine. Clinical eHealth, 5, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceh.2022.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Park, C.S.-Y., & Park, N.J.-Y. (2022). Adapting to cutocracy: A survival strategy for prospective health professions educators in the era of the metaverse. Journal of Professional Nursing, 41, A1–A4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2022.06.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Koo, H. (2021). Training in lung cancer surgery through the metaverse, including extended reality, in the smart operating room of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Korea. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Akour, I. A., Al-Maroof, R. S., Alfaisal, R., & Salloum, S. A. (2022). A conceptual framework for determining metaverse adoption in higher institutions of gulf area: An empirical study using hybrid SEM-ANN approach. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hwang, G. J., & Chien, S. Y. (2022). Definition, roles, and potential research issues of the metaverse in education: An artificial intelligence perspective. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100082

  30. Jovanović, A., & Milosavljević, A. (2022). VoRtex Metaverse platform for gamified collaborative learning. Electronics, 11(3), 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Siyaev, A., & Jo, G. S. (2021). Neuro-symbolic speech understanding in aircraft maintenance metaverse. IEEE Access, 9, 154484–154499. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3128616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Díaz, J., Saldaña, C., & Avila, C. (2020). Virtual world as a resource for hybrid education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(15), 94–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Pamucar, D., Deveci, M., Gokasar, I., Tavana, M., & Köppen, M. (2022). A metaverse assessment model for sustainable transportation using ordinal priority approach and Aczel-Alsina norms. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 121778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Giannakis, M., Al-Debei, M. M., Dennehy, D., Metri, B., Buhalis, D., Cheung, C. M., Conboy, K., & Wamba, S. F. (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.i**fomgt.2022.102542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Golf-Pape, M., Heller, J., Hilken, T., Chylinski, M., de Ruyter, K., Keeling, D. I., & Mahr, D. (2022). Embracing falsity through the metaverse: The case of synthetic customer experiences. Business Horizons. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2022.07.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Thomason, J. (2022). Metaverse, Token Economies, and Chronic Diseases. Global Health Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2022.07.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Lv, Z., Qiao, L., Li, Y., Yuan, Y., & Wang, F. Y. (2022). BlockNet: Beyond reliable spatial Digital Twins to Parallel Metaverse. Patterns, 3(5), 100468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2022.100468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Kim, S. H., Lee, H. W., Ryu, W., & Kim, K. S. (2014). Trend on technologies of smart space and Metaverse exhibition guide. Electronics and Telecommunications Trends, 29(3), 66–73.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Sonvilla-Weiss, S. (2008). VISIBLE-learning to act in the Metaverse. Springer Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Schroeder, R. (1996). Possible worlds: The social dynamic of virtual reality technology. Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Schroeder, R. (2008). Defining virtual worlds and virtual environments. Journal for Virtual Worlds Research. https://doi.org/10.4101/jvwr.v1i1.294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Ko, S. Y., Chung, H. K., Kim, J. I., & Shin, Y. (2021). A study on the typology and advancement of cultural leisure-based Metaverse. KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering, 10(8), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.3745/KTSDE.2021.10.8.331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Lee, B. K. (2021). The Metaverse world and our future. Review of Korea Contents Association, 19(1), 13–17.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Lee, J. Y. (2021). A study on Metaverse hype for sustainable growth. International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence, 10(3), 72–80. https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2021.10.3.72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Seok, W. H. (2021). Analysis of Metaverse business model and ecosystem. Electronics and Telecommunications Trends, 36(4), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.22648/ETRI.2021.J.360408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Helou, S. (2021). What are the risks of recreating reality in the metaverse? Forkast. https://forkast.news/what-are-risks-recreating-reality-metaverse/. Accessed 15 Feb 2022

  47. Shen, X. (2021). Chinese state-owned think tank flags national security risks of metaverse, citing potential political and social problems. https://www.scmp.com/tech/techtrends/article/3154447/chinese-state-ownedthink-tank-flags-national-security-risks. Accessed 15 Feb 2022

  48. Tinworth, A. (2021). Make mine the Metaverse. https://nextconf.eu/2021/09/make-mine-the-metaverse/. Accessed 15 Mar 2022.

  49. Bibri, S. E., Allam, Z., & Krogstie, J. (2022). The Metaverse as a virtual form of data-driven smart urbanism: Platformization and its underlying processes, institutional dimensions, and disruptive impacts. Computational Urban Science, 2, 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43762-022-00051-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Zuckerberg, M. (2021). Founder’s Letter, 2021. https://about.fb.com/news/2021/10/founders-letter/. Accessed 15 Feb 2022

  51. Ma, V. (2021). 5 Futuristic Jobs of the Metaverse. Hackernoon. https://hackernoon.com/5-futuristic-jobs-of-the-metaverse. Accessed 15 Feb 2022

  52. Hutto, C., & Gilbert, E. (2014). Vader: A parsimonious rule-based model for sentiment analysis of social media text. Eighth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 8(1), 216–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Mohammad, S. M., & Turney, P. D. (2013). Crowdsourcing a word-emotion association lexicon. Computational intelligence, 29(3), 436–465. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00460.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Silge, J., & Robinson, D. (2017). Text mining with R: A tidy approach. O’Reilly Media.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Welbers, K., Van Atteveldt, W., & Benoit, K. (2017). Text analysis in R. Communication Methods and Measures, 11(4), 245–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2017.1387238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Jo, T. (2019). Text mining-concepts, implementation, and big data challenge (1st ed.). Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Salloum, S. A., Al-Emran, M., & Shaalan, K. (2017). Mining text in news channels: A case study from Facebook. International Journal of Information Technology and Language Studies, 1(1), 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Salloum, S. A., Al-Emran, M., Abdallah, S., & Shaalan, K. (2017). Analyzing the Arab gulf newspapers using text mining techniques. In International conference on advanced intelligent systems and informatics (pp. 396–405). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64861-3_37

  59. Demirel, S., Kahraman, E., & Gündüz, U. (2022). A text mining analysis of the change in status of the Hagia Sophia on Twitter: The political discourse and its reflections on the public opinion. Atlantic Journal of Communication. https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2022.2093354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Jain, S., & Roy, P. K. (2022). E-commerce review sentiment score prediction considering misspelled words: a deep learning approach. Electronic Commerce Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-022-09582-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. R Core Team. (2022). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/

  62. Barrie, C., & Ho, J. (2021). academictwitteR: An R package to access the Twitter Academic Research Product Track v2 API endpoint. The Journal of Open Source Software, 6(62), 3272. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Benoit, K., Muhr, D., Watanabe, K. (2021). Multilingual Stopword Lists (2.3) [Computer software]. http://stopwords.quanteda.io/

  64. Naldi, M. (2019). A review of sentiment computation methods with R packages. Ar**v, abs/1901.08319. https://doi.org/10.48550/ar**v.1901.08319

  65. Silge, J., & Robinson, D. (2016). tidytext: Text mining and analysis using tidy data principles in R. The Journal of Open Source Software, 1(3), 37. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Scott, J. (2017). Social network analysis (Fourth). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529716597

    Book  Google Scholar 

  67. İlhan, N., Gündüz-Öğüdücü, Ş., & Etaner-Uyar, A. Ş. (2014). Introduction to social networks: Analysis and case studies. In Ş. Gündüz-Öğüdücü & A. Ş. Etaner-Uyar (Eds.), Social networks: Analysis and case studies (pp. 1–18). Springer Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1797-2_1

  68. Demirci, V. G. (2020). Ağ Bilimi. In V. G. Demirci, A. M. Çilingirtürk (Ed.), Sosyal Ağ Analizi Yöntem ve İşletme Uygulamaları. Ekin Basım Yayın Dağıtım.

  69. Segev, E. (2022). Introduction. In E. Segev (Ed.), Semantic network analysis in social sciences. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Kolaczyk, E. D., & Csárdi, G. (2020). Statistical analysis of network data with R. Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  71. Hanneman, R. A., & Riddle, M. (2011). Concepts and measures for basic network analysis. In J. Scott & P. Carrington (Eds.), In the SAGE handbook of social network analysis. Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  72. McNulty, K. (2022). Handbook of graphs and networks in people analytics: With examples in R and Python. https://ona-book.org. Accessed 15 Feb 2022.

  73. Csardi, G., & Nepusz, T. (2006). The igraph software package for complex network research. In InterJournal: Vol. Complex Systems (p. 1695). https://igraph.org

  74. Kelly, S. M. (2021). Facebook changes its company name to Meta. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/28/tech/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-keynote-announcements/index.html. Accessed 15 Feb 2022.

Download references

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Funding

No funds, grants, or other support was received.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

UG and SD wrote the main manuscript text. SD prepared analysis results, tables and figures. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Uğur Gündüz.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Ethical approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Human and animal rights

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gündüz, U., Demirel, S. Metaverse-related perceptions and sentiments on Twitter: evidence from text mining and network analysis. Electron Commer Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-023-09745-x

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-023-09745-x

Keywords

Navigation