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A comparison of disease severity measurements using image analysis and visual estimates using a category scale for genetic analysis of resistance to bacterial spot in tomato

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Abstract

Bacterial spot caused by several Xanthomonas spp. is an economically important disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Host resistance to the disease is partially dominant or incomplete, which requires accurate assessment of disease severity for genetic studies of resistance. In the present study, three independent experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using image analysis to estimate foliar disease severity of bacterial spot in tomato. The resistant line PI 114490 and the susceptible line OH 88119 were used in the first experiment, five tomato lines (PI 114490, PI 128216, Hawaii 7981, Hawaii 7998, and Fla. 7600) with a range of resistance and OH 88119 were used in the second experiment, and 439 F2 individuals from a cross between OH 88119 and PI 114490 were used in the third experiment. Tomato plants were spray-inoculated with bacterial spot race T3. Five diseased leaves from each plant were randomly collected and scanned to obtain digital images 21 days after inoculation. The disease severity (% leaf area) was measured using image analysis. The susceptible line OH 88119 showed the most severe disease. The resistant line PI 114490 showed the least severe disease, and was not significantly different to PI 128216 or Hawaii 7981. These results indicated that image analysis could be used to distinguish tomato lines with different resistance to bacterial spot. Marker-trait association analysis identified four quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to race T3 in PI 114490 using data obtained from image analysis, the Horsfall-Barratt (HB) category scale data, and HB midpoint converted values. However, the disease severity was slightly underestimated using the HB category scale and the phenotypic variation explained by each marker was overestimated using the HB category data compared to using the image analysis-measured disease severity data. Therefore, image analysis could provide a consistent, accurate and reliable method compared to the HB scale to estimate disease severity for genetic studies of foliar bacterial spot in tomato.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. David M. Francis in the Department of Horticulture and Crop Science at the Ohio State University for providing the seeds of tomato lines and Dr. Jeffrey B. Jones in the Department of Plant Pathology at the University of Florida for providing race T3 of the bacterial spot pathogen. The authors also thank Dr. C.H. Bock for his critical comments and suggestions on manuscript revision. The work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30972003), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20110008110019) and the Bei**g Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System.

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  1. Bei**g Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Bei**g, 100193, China

    **gli Wei, Jieyun Zhang & Wencai Yang

  2. China Agricultural University Library, China Agricultural University, Bei**g, 100193, China

    Huijun Sun

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  1. Huijun Sun
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Correspondence to Wencai Yang.

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Sun, H., Wei, J., Zhang, J. et al. A comparison of disease severity measurements using image analysis and visual estimates using a category scale for genetic analysis of resistance to bacterial spot in tomato. Eur J Plant Pathol 139, 125–136 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0371-8

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