SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of the performance of flow field modes around double round-ended piers

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Fluid Mechanics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Because of the interaction between the flow and piers, the velocity of coherent turbulent flow around tandem double round-ended piers becomes complicated, proposing a threat to the navigation in the bridge area. This paper numerically investigates the flow velocity performance around tandem double round-ended piers by performing a flow field model and moving ship model. Flow velocity performance was analyzed under different inflow velocities in the four flow modes: single mode, attachment mode, transitional vortex detachment mode (TVDM), and independent vortex detachment mode. The yaw moment was employed to verify the performance from the perspective of the force on the ship. In each mode, the flow velocity in \(x\) axis (\({v}_{x}\)) and \(y\) axis (\({v}_{y}\)) behind the downstream pier are similar, the difference mainly occurs between the two piers. In TVDM, the spacing ratio (L/D = 6) is close to the critical spacing ratio (L/D)c which is significantly affected by the inflow velocity. Under high inflow velocity, \({v}_{x}\) and \({v}_{y}\) are greater, KP and critical spacing ratio are smaller, and the formation of the Karman vortex street is closer to the pier. Verification of flow velocity performance by yaw moment has high reliability. The extreme values of yaw moment mostly appear in the sections where \({v}_{y}\) increases and \({v}_{x}\) appears to be negative. The research on the flow velocity around the piers in various modes provides a reference in studying on turbulence width and improving navigation safety in the bridge area.

Article Highlights

We report on numerical results of velocity performance of flow field modes around double round-ended piers. This research is helpful because of these:

  1. 1.

    Novel and wider coverage flow modes compared with previous studies are proposed to study the flow velocity characteristics of each mode.

  2. 2.

    The flow velocity, rather than physical structure of the flow field and local scour, are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed which is the specific parameter index for turbulence width and for safe navigation of the flow field.

  3. 3.

    Reflect the flow velocity from the angle of ship force, yaw moment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Thailand)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

SM:

Single mode (–)

AM:

Attachment mode (–)

TVDM:

Transitional vortex detachment mode (–)

IVDM:

Independent vortex detachment mode (–)

\({K}_{\mathrm{P}}\) :

Length of the recirculation zone behind the pier (m)

\({K}_{\mathrm{P}1}\) :

Length of the recirculation zone behind P1 (m)

\({K}_{\mathrm{P}2}\) :

Length of the recirculation zone behind P2 (m)

\(L/D\) :

Spacing ratio (–)

\((L/D)c\) :

Critical spacing ratio (–)

\({v}_{x}\) :

The flow velocity in \(x\) axis (ms−1)

\({v}_{y}\) :

The flow velocity in \(y\) axis (ms−1)

\(A\) :

Computational domain (–)

\(G\) :

Filter equation (–)

\(D\) :

Diameter of the pier (m)

\(L\) :

Space between the two piers (m)

\(S\) :

Length of the simulation flume (m)

W:

Width of the simulation flume (m)

\(H\) :

Height of the simulation flume (m)

\({P}_{1}\) :

Upstream pier (–)

\({P}_{2}\) :

Downstream pier (–)

\(T\) :

Space between the rear wall of P2 and the outlet boundary (m)

\(h\) :

Height of the ship (m)

\(b\) :

Breadth of the ship (m)

\(l\) :

Length of the ship (m)

\(Q\) :

Inflow discharge (m3s−1)

\(R\) :

Distance from the ship to the pier wall when the center of gravity of the ship is on the pier’s central axis (m)

\(v\) :

Velocity (ms−1)

\({v}_{y-max}\) :

Maximum transverse velocity of each section (ms−1)

\({v}_{x-min}\) :

Minimum longitudinal velocity (ms−1)

\({R}_{i}\) :

Lateral width of the mutation region of longitudinal velocity (m)

A:

A sudden rise zone in the distribution of \({v}_{y-max}\) (-)

B:

A plunge zone in the distribution of \({v}_{y-max}\) (-)

C:

A growth zone in the distribution of \({v}_{y-max}\) (-)

\({K}_{1},{K}_{2}, {K}_{3}\)…:

Peak values in the distribution of \({v}_{y-max}\) (ms−1)

References

  1. Yang YL, Qi ML, Li JZ, Ma XD (2021) Experimental study of flow field around pile groups using PIV. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 120:110223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2020.110223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Liu XP, Li M, Fang SS, Lin JD (2012) Influence of cross current on ship in bridge navigable waters. Hydro-Sci Eng 2:21–26 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Zhang D, Yan XP, Yang ZL, Wall A, Wang J (2013) Incorporation of formal safety assessment and Bayesian network in navigational risk estimation of the Yangtze River. Reliab Eng Syst Safe 118:93–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.04.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Fan C, Wr´obel K, Montewka J, Gil M, Wan C, Zhang D (2020) A framework to identify factors influencing navigational risk for maritime autonomous surface ships. Ocean Eng 202:107188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hu XY, Shen XX, Cheng YZ (2004) Experimental investigation on width of superficial eddy area around cylindrical pier. J Changsha Univ Sci Technol (Natural Science) 1:39–42 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ou YF (2005) The research on extent of turbulence zone around pier and width of navigable bridge opening. Changsha Communication University (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kirkil G, Constantinescu SG, Ettema R (2008) Coherent structures in the flow field around a circular cylinder with scour hole. J Hydraul Eng 134:572–587. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:5(572)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kim HS, Roh M, Nabi M (2017) Computational modeling of flow and scour around two cylinders in staggered array. Water-Sui 9(9):654. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sumner D, Wong S, Price SJ, Paidoussis MP (1999) Fluid behaviour of side-by-side circular cylinders in steady cross-flow. J Fluid Struct 13:309–338. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfls.1999.0205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sumner D, Price SJ, Paidoussis MP (2000) Flow-pattern identification for two staggered circular cylinders in cross-flow. J Fluid Mech 411:263–303. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112099008137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Akbari MH, Price SJ (2005) Numerical investigation of flow patterns for staggered cylinder pairs in cross-flow. J Fluid Struct 20:533–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2005.02.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Peng WB, Shen JD, Tang X, Zhang Y (2019) Review, analysis, and insights on recent typical bridge accidents. China J Highw Transp 32:132–144. https://doi.org/10.19721/j.cnki.1001-7372.2019.12.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ataie-Ashtiani B, Aslani-Kordkandi A (2013) Flow field around single and tandem piers. Flow Turbul Combust 90:471–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-012-9427-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Keshavarzi A, Shrestha CK, Zahedani MR, Ball J, Khabbaz H (2018) Experimental study of flow structure around two in-line bridge piers. P I Civil Eng-Wat M 171:311–327. https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.16.00104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Sabbagh-Yazdi S, Bavandpour M (2019) Numerical experiments on using incline collar rings for controlling mean and fluctuating forces on circular bridge piers. J Fluid Struct. 91:102696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2019.102696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Asadollahi M, Vaghefi M, Motlagh MJ (2021) Experimental and numerical comparison of flow and scour patterns around a single and triple bridge piers located at a 180-degree sharp bend. Sci Iran 28:1–14. https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2019.5637.1391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zdravkovich M (1977) REVIEW—review of flow interference between two circular cylinders in various arrangements. J Fluids Eng 99:618–633. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3448871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Syawitri TP, Yao YF, Chandra B, Yao J (2021) Comparison study of URANS and hybrid RANS-LES models on predicting vertical axis wind turbine performance at low, medium and high tip speed ratio ranges. Renew Energy 168:247–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.12.045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Chen SQ, Huang ZP, Shen JH, Gu M (2001) Numerical computation of the flow around two square cylinders arranged side-by-side. Appl Math Mech 21:147–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02458515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tian QL (2016) Numerical simulation of flow and vortex induced vibration of two circular cylinders by using discrete vortex method. Shang Hai Jiao Tong University. https://doi.org/10.27307/d.cnki.gsjtu.2016.001583 (in Chinese)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  21. Igarashi T (1981) Characteristics of the flow around two circular cylinders arranged in tandem: 1st report. J Therm Eng 24:323–331. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.29.751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Qin B, Zhou Y (2017) Two tandem cylinders of different diameters in cross-flow: flow-induced vibration. J Fluid Mech 829:621–658. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhou Y, Yiu M (2006) Flow structure, momentum and heat transport in a two-tandem-cylinder wake. J Fluid Mech 548:17–48. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002211200500738X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kitagawa T, Ohta H (2008) Numerical investigation on flow around circular cylinders in tandem arrangement at a subcritical Reynolds number. J Fluid Struct 24:680–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2007.10.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Yousefifard M, Graylee A (2021) A numerical solution of the wave–body interactions for a freely floating vertical cylinder in different water depths using OpenFOAM. J Braz Soc Mech Sci 43:30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02757-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Du XQ, Liu YT, Dong HT, Shi DJ (2020) Aerodynamic performance and flow featureof square cylinders with cross-section modification. J Hunan Univ (Natural Sciences) 47:11

    Google Scholar 

  27. Yang WL, Wu CW, Zhu QL, Wang GJ (2020) Refined study on 3D flow characteristics around bridge piers. J Southwest Jiaotong Univ 55:10. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20180335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Tanweer S, Dewan A, Sanghi S (2021) Three-dimensional wake transitions past a rectangular cylinder placed near a moving wall: influence of aspect and gap ratios. Ocean Eng 219:108288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Geng YF, Ke X, Wang ZL, Ma YL, Zheng X (2019) The Influence of the hydrodynamic conditions on navigation near bridge area. CICTP 2019:43–53

    Google Scholar 

  30. Geng YF, Guo HQ, Ke X (2020) Impact of flow characteristics around bridge piers on ship status. J Southeast Univ (Natural Science Edition) 50:153–160. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-0505.2020.01.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Lo DC (2012) Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic interaction produced during the overtaking and the head-on encounter process of two ships. Eng Comput 29:83–101. https://doi.org/10.1108/02644401211190582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Mousaviraad SM, Sadat-Hosseini SH, Stern F (2016) Ship–ship interactions in calm water and waves. Part 1: analysis of the experimental data. Ocean Eng 111:615–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.10.035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Gan LX, Zhou ZJ, Xu HX (2014) Calculation and analysis of the hydrodynamic forces on a ship navigating in bridge area. J Ship Mech 6:613–621. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2014.06.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Li L, Yuan ZM, Ji C, Li MX, Gao Y (2018) Investigation on the unsteady hydrodynamic loads of ship passing by bridge piers by a 3-D boundary element method. Eng Anal Bound Elem 94:122–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2018.06.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Carvalho IA, Assi GRS, Orselli RM (2021) Wake control of a circular cylinder with rotating rods: numerical simulations for inviscid and viscous flows. J Fluid Struct 106:103385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2021.103385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Chavan R, Kumar B (2020) Downward seepage effects on dynamics of scour depth and migrating dune-like bedforms at tandem piers. Can J Civil Eng 47(1):13–24. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Chavan R, Venkataramana B, Acharya P, Kumar B (2018) Comparison of scour and flow characteristics around circular and oblong bridge piers in seepage affected alluvial channels. J Marine Sci Appl 17:254–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-018-0016-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Vijayasree BA, Eldho TI, Mazumder BS (2020) Turbulence statistics of flow causing scour around circular and oblong piers. J Hydraul Eng 58(4):673–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2019.1661292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Pasupuleti LN, Timbadiya PV, Patel PL (2022) Flow fields around tandem and staggered piers on a mobile bed. Int J Sediment Res 37:737–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2022.05.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Gautam P, Eldho TI, Mazumder BS, Behera MR (2022) Turbulent flow characteristics responsible for current-induced scour around a complex pier. Can J Civil Eng 49(4):597–606. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2020-0794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Aghaee-Shalmani Y, Hakimzadeh H (2022) Large eddy simulation of flow around semi-conical piers vertically mounted on the bed. Environ Fluid Mech 22:1211–1232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-022-09886-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Pradhan A, Arif MdR, Afzal MS, Gazi AH (2022) On the origin of forces in the wake of an elliptical cylinder at low Reynolds number. Environ Fluid Mech 22:1307–1331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-022-09892-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Liu MW, Zeng LQ, Wu LJ, Chen G, Shen LL, Abi E (2022) In-situ test method for hydrodynamic characteristics of water flowing around piles. Front Environ Sci 10:855334. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.855334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kumark R, Singh NK (2020) Large eddy simulation of flow over elliptic cylinder array in square configuration at subcritical reynolds numbers. J Therm Eng. 7:204–2019. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.848898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Zhang Y (2016) Three dimensional numerical simulation of the interaction between ship motion and bridge pier. Dissertation, Changsha University

  46. Wu HY, Song BF (2022) A numerical study of the side-wall effects on turbulent bands in channel flow at transitional Reynolds numbers. Comput Fluids 240:105420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2022.105420

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No.51979040) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB1600400).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nan**g, 211189, Jiangsu, China

    Yan-fen Geng, Hui Chen & Meng-ya Guo

  2. University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA

    Hua-qiang Guo

Authors
  1. Yan-fen Geng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hui Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hua-qiang Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Meng-ya Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Y.Geng, Conceptualization; Y.Geng and H.Guo, Methodology; Y.Geng, Supervision; H.Guo and M.Guo, Writing original draft; Y.Geng and H.Chen, Writing, review & editing; H.Chen, Preparing figures; All authors reviewed and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yan-fen Geng.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this manuscript.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Geng, Yf., Chen, H., Guo, Hq. et al. Analysis of the performance of flow field modes around double round-ended piers. Environ Fluid Mech 23, 161–179 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-023-09917-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-023-09917-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation