Abstract
Expansin is a protein that plays an important role in plant physiology by loosening and remodeling plant cell walls. The action of expansin to plant cell walls is supposed to be mild, and one of the typical hypotheses about the mechanism that underlies expansin activity is the cleavage of hydrogen bonds between cellulose and hemicellulose molecules in plant cell walls. In this study, we conducted a model experiment to visualize the structural change of cellulose by expansin using highly crystalline cellulose from algae and bacterial expansin EXLX1. Intracrystalline deuterated cellulose was treated by a set of protein samples including EXLX1, and the spectral change was tracked by FTIR spectroscopy. The action of EXLX1 significantly accelerated H/D exchange in the deuterated cellulose crystal despite no apparent activity to disintegrate cellulose structure as seen for the cellulase-treated cellulose, which gave massive erosion of cellulose. Thus, the obtained data indicated EXLX1 specifically works for disturbing hydrogen bonding in and/or between cellulose microfibrils without massive disintegration of cellulose structure. This is an ultimately mild modulation of cellulose microfibril structure, suggesting the physiological importance of expansin, like the remodeling of the plant cell wall.
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Abbreviations
- FTIR:
-
Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy
- M n :
-
The number-averaged molecular weight
- M w :
-
The weight-averaged molecular weight
- DP n :
-
The number-averaged degree of polymerization
- DP w :
-
The weight-averaged degree of polymerization
- SEC:
-
Size exclusion chromatography
- FPU:
-
Filter paper unit
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Acknowledgments
The authors appreciate Prof. Tsujii N (Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University) and Dr. Sakakibara K (Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University; currently National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan) kindly hel** with the SEC analysis. The authors also thank Prof. Umezawa T (RISH, Kyoto University) and Dr. Suzuki S (Gifu University) for their assistance with DNA sequencing. SEM observation was performed in CAN-DO, a facility in RISH, Kyoto University. WAXD measurement and a part of the following data reduction were performed at BL40B2 in SPring-8 (2023A1480).
Funding
This work was supported by a grant from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO [P07015]) to JS and the Mission Research 2 in RISH, Kyoto University to TI.
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TI, KM, KY, and JS conceptualization; YH, KM, and KY methodology; MN formal analysis, MN, YH, and TI investigation; KM, KY, and JS resources; MN and TI data curation; TI and MN writing-original draft; MN and TI visualization; JS and TI supervision; JS project administration; JS funding acquisition. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Imai, T., Naruse, M., Horikawa, Y. et al. Disturbance of the hydrogen bonding in cellulose by bacterial expansin. Cellulose 30, 8423–8438 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05402-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05402-6