Abstract
Micro- and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose (MNFC) have gained increasing attention due to their remarkable properties, but their production usually requires an intensive multi-step process. This study proposes to find a novel approach involving steam explosion for the production of lignin-containing micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulose (L-MNFC) using Eucalyptus globulus bark as a new lignocellulosic feedstock. Eucalyptus globulus bark was first pre-treated by steam explosion in alkaline conditions (200 °C, 8 min) or by soda cooking in a rotating autoclave (170 °C, 60 min), refined and then ground until gels formed. The chemical composition of the pulps was studied with ion chromatography and FTIR-ATR. The morphology of the products was studied with measurements of suspension turbidity and Morfi Neo, optical and atomic force microscopies. Nanopapers were produced from L-MNFC to investigate mechanical properties. Results obtained showed that steam explosion produced pulps with slightly higher lignin content (≈ 9%), containing shorter fibers (≈ 400 µm) and higher amounts of fines (≈ 86%) compared to soda cooking (≈ 5%, ≈ 560 µm and 66%, respectively). AFM images of SteamEx L-MNFC gels showed a web-like structure containing lignin nanoparticles.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Labex Tec21 and LAbex Arbre for the thesis funding. This work was also supported by the Franco-Chilean EcosSud Collaborative Program C18E05, ANID PIA/Apoyo CCTE AFB170007 of Universidad de Concepción. We thank the Spectroscopy and Microscopy of interfaces Service Facility (SMI) of LCPME where the IR-ATR and AFM measurements were performed (Université de Lorraine-CNRS–(www.lcpme.cnrs-nancy.fr); LCPME, UMR7564, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre 54600, France).
Funding
This study was funded by the LabEx Tec 21 (Investissements d ’Avenir - grant agreement n°ANR-11-LABX-0030) and the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the “Investissements d’Avenir” program (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, Lab of Excellence ARBRE). This work was also funded by the Franco-Chilean EcoSud Collaborative Program C18E05, ANID PIA/Apoyo CCTE AFB170007 of Universidad de Concepción.
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Conceptualization: NB, EM and SN; Methodology and investigation: SN, MK, IZ-D, FQ and SElKC; Original draft preparation: SN; Review and editing: NB, EM and S; Supervision: NB and EM; Funding acquisition: NB, EM and CF. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Nader, S., Brosse, N., Khadraoui, M. et al. A low-cost environmentally friendly approach to isolate lignin containing micro and nanofibrillated cellulose from Eucalyptus globulus bark by steam explosion. Cellulose 29, 5593–5607 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04632-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04632-4