Abstract
Music engagement is a powerful, influential experience that often begins early in life. Music engagement is moderately heritable in adults (~ 41–69%), but fewer studies have examined genetic influences on childhood music engagement, including their association with language and executive functions. Here we explored genetic and environmental influences on music listening and instrument playing (including singing) in the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Parents reported on their 9–10-year-old children’s music experiences (N = 11,876 children; N = 1543 from twin pairs). Both music measures were explained primarily by shared environmental influences. Instrument exposure (but not frequency of instrument engagement) was associated with language skills (r = .27) and executive functions (r = .15–0.17), and these associations with instrument engagement were stronger than those for music listening, visual art, or soccer engagement. These findings highlight the role of shared environmental influences between early music experiences, language, and executive function, during a formative time in development.
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Data availability
Data from the ABCD study is publicly available at the NIMH Data Archive (https://nda.nih.gov/).
Code availability
Code is available upon request to the corresponding author.
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Funding
This work was supported by supported by NIH grants R03AG065643, R01DC016977, DP2HD098859, R01AA028411, U01DA051018, and U01DA051037, as well as a grant from the National Science Foundation grant (NSF 1926794) and the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA 1906827-38-22). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, or National Endowment for the Arts. Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) Study (https://abcdstudy.org), held in the NIMH Data Archive (NDA). This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children age 9–10 and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study® is supported by the National Institutes of Health and additional federal partners under award numbers U01DA041048, U01DA050989, U01DA051016, U01DA041022, U01DA051018, U01DA051037, U01DA050987, U01DA041174, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041028, U01DA041134, U01DA050988, U01DA051039, U01DA041156, U01DA041025, U01DA041120, U01DA051038, U01DA041148, U01DA041093, U01DA041089, U24DA041123, U24DA041147. A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html. A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/consortium_members/. ABCD consortium investigators designed and implemented the study and/or provided data but did not necessarily participate in the analysis or writing of this report. This manuscript reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or ABCD consortium investigators. The ABCD data repository grows and changes over time. The ABCD data used in this report came from https://doi.org/10.15154/1520591. DOIs can be found at https://nda.nih.gov/abcd/abcd-annual-releases.html.
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DEG designed the study and conducted all analyses with assistance from PLC and HHM. DEG drafted the manuscript with assistance from SN. All authors provided critical revisions.
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Daniel E. Gustavson, Srishti Nayak, Peyton L. Coleman, John R. Iversen, Miriam D. Lense, Reyna L. Gordon, Hermine H. Maes report no conflicts of interest.
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Gustavson, D.E., Nayak, S., Coleman, P.L. et al. Heritability of Childhood Music Engagement and Associations with Language and Executive Function: Insights from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Behav Genet 53, 189–207 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-023-10135-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-023-10135-0