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Environmental stress tolerance and immune response for the small abalone hybrids

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Abstract

Recently, mass mortality affected the cultured small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor, which was the dominant cultured abalone species in southern China. Prior studies revealed that survivorship varied significantly between different stocks and crosses. However, the immunological basis for differences in susceptibility has not been well understood to date. Herein, low temperature, air exposure tolerance tests, and pull-off force measurement were assessed in the three groups (Japan, Taiwan, and their Hybrid stock). The results showed that the critical thermal minimum (CTMin) at 50% was 15.6 °C for the Taiwan stock, 12.1 °C for the Japan stock, and 13.2 °C for the Hybrid stock. Upon air exposure challenge, 100% abalones from the Taiwan group died after 8 h at 24 °C, while the survival rate in the Japan and Hybrid groups were 37.8% and 29.4%, respectively. The detachment stress for the Japan group was 42.3 kPa, which was 2.78-fold and 1.43-fold higher compared to the Taiwan and Hybrid groups, respectively. Variation in susceptibility to disease may be based on the effectiveness of the innate immune responses. Therefore, total hemocyte count, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase activity, acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and myeloperoxidase activity were determined for the healthy abalones in each group. Positive mid-parent heterosis on immunological parameters was consistent with the prior knowledge on the positive mid-parent heterosis for survival rate, which indicated the improvement on immune reaction and disease resistance through hybridization methods. The current study will be useful in efficient design of breeding programs for the development of sustainable abalone aquaculture.

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Abbreviations

CTMin:

Critical thermal minimum

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

ACP:

Acid phosphatase

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

WLR:

Weight loss rate

THC:

Total hemocyte count

FL1 :

First fluorescence

PP:

Phagocytic rate

DCFH-DA:

2′,7′-Dichlorfluorescein diacetate

DCFH:

Dichlorofluorescein

DCF:

2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

SDS:

Sodium-dodecyl sulfate

H MP :

Mid-parent heterosis

CTMax:

Critical thermal maximum

CAT:

Catalase

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31472277, U1605213), Key S&T Program of Fujian & Shandong Province (No. 2016NZ01010006 and 2016GGH4513), and Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (No. CARS-49).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Ocean and Earth Science, **amen University, **amen, 361102, China

    Weiwei You, Bo Wang, Xuan Luo & Caihuan Ke

  2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, **amen University, **amen, 361102, China

    Weiwei You & Caihuan Ke

  3. Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, **amen, 361102, People’s Republic of China

    Weiwei You, Xuan Luo & Caihuan Ke

  4. Yantai Marine Property Rights Exchange Center, Yantai, 264003, China

    Bo Wang

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You, W., Wang, B., Luo, X. et al. Environmental stress tolerance and immune response for the small abalone hybrids. Aquacult Int 27, 105–123 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-018-0310-y

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