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Assessment of Delamination Damage in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites with a Fastener Under Multiple Lightning Strike Conditions

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Abstract

Internal delamination damage in carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites occurs easily after a fastener is installed. To determine the internal delamination damage in CFRPs with a fastener under lightning strike conditions, an experiment was conducted with different lightning channel gaps, fastener diameters, and fitting conditions. On the basis of the experimental findings and the results of a coupled thermal–electrical simulation model, a circuit model for CFRPs with a fastener was established to explore the current path, delamination properties and internal damage in CFRP specimens. The factors influencing the correlations between the generation and development of internal delamination damage under multiple conditions were proposed to clarify the lightning damage mechanism of the CFRP composites. The results indicated that internal delamination damage was mainly caused by resin pyrolysis and pyrolysis gas expansion; in addition, the thermal–electrical coupling effect of the contact interface had a significant impact on the internal delamination damage. For example, at approximately 50 kA, the damage area of the specimen with a 6 mm diameter fastener was 28.5% smaller than that of the specimen with a 4 mm diameter fastener. This work provides a basis for understanding the propagation of delamination in CFRP composites with a fastener and for reducing the delamination damage under lightning strike environment.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China [Grant No. 52007146].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, **’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yanta Road, **’an, 710055, People’s Republic of China

    **angyu Tian & Wei Sun

  2. State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, **’an Jiaotong University, **anning West Road, **’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China

    **ru Sun, Xueling Yao, Shu Li & **gliang Chen

  3. **’an XD Transformer CO., LTD, **’an 710077, China

    **anchao Xu

Authors
  1. **angyu Tian
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  3. Wei Sun
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  6. Shu Li
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Contributions

**angyu Tian: Conceptualization, Software, Writing-Original draft preparation. **ru Sun: Supervision, Project administration, Writing-Reviewing and Editing. Wei Sun: Validation, Investigation. Xueling Yao: Supervision, Project administration, Writing-Reviewing and Editing. **anchao Xu: Data curation, Formal analysis. Shu Li: Data curation, Formal analysis. **gliang Chen: Methodology.

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Correspondence to **angyu Tian or **ru Sun.

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Tian, X., Sun, J., Sun, W. et al. Assessment of Delamination Damage in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites with a Fastener Under Multiple Lightning Strike Conditions. Appl Compos Mater 31, 1155–1172 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-024-10212-5

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