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Growth and Physiological Responses of Pepper in Different Soil Water Regimes and Nitrogen Applications in a Semiarid Agricultural Ecosystem Using Surface and Sub-surface Drip Irrigation and Its Economic Returns

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Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different soil water regimes and nitrogen applications on the yield, leaf water potential (LWP), leaf area index (LAI), stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll content of pepper by applying surface drip (DI) and sub-surface (SDI) drip irrigation during 2015 and 2016 in the Continental region of Turkey. Treatments included three different soil water regimes (full irrigation, FI; deficit irrigations, I75 and I50, receiving 75% and 50% of FI, respectively) and four different nitrogen (N) fertilizer doses (N0: unfertilized, N70: 70 kg N ha−1, N140: 140 kg N ha−1, and N210: 210 kg N ha−1). SDI had significantly higher yields in comparison to those obtained by the DI. Yields varied between 21.3 t ha−1 in DI‑I50 and 50.1 t ha−1 in SDI-FI. The highest (4.59 m2 m−2) and least (1.26 m2 m−2) LAI were observed in SDI‑I75 N210 and DI‑I50 N0, respectively. FI N210 had higher gs in SDI (354.4 mmol H2O m−2 s−1) and DI (312.5 mmol H2O m−2 s−1), as compared to deficit irrigation treatments. The high yields could be obtained by irrigation using the DI (−1.45 to −1.86 MPa LWP), and the SDI (−1.14 to −1.47 MPa LWP), respectively. The pepper irrigation could be managed by the SDI‑I75 N140, leading to the maximum net income. Therefore, pepper irrigation in semiarid regions could be managed by applying the SDI‑I75 N140 without negative impacts on the physiological and yield parameters.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM) for the financial support of the Project TAGEM/TSKAD/15/A13/P02/1.

Funding

The authors would like to thank the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM) for the financial support for the Project TAGEM/TSKAD/15/A13/P02/1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey

    Zeynep Demir & Yasemin Demir

  2. Çumra Vocational School, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Aynur Özbahçe

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  1. Zeynep Demir
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  2. Aynur Özbahçe
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  3. Yasemin Demir
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Contributions

Z. Demir: Conceptualization, investigation, methodology, validation, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, resources, data curation, writing—original draft preparation, writing—review and editing, visualization, supervision, statistical analysis, project administration. A. Özbahçe and Y. Demir: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, data curation, review and editing, supervision. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zeynep Demir.

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Z. Demir, A. Özbahçe and Y. Demir declare that they have no competing interests.

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Demir, Z., Özbahçe, A. & Demir, Y. Growth and Physiological Responses of Pepper in Different Soil Water Regimes and Nitrogen Applications in a Semiarid Agricultural Ecosystem Using Surface and Sub-surface Drip Irrigation and Its Economic Returns. Gesunde Pflanzen 75, 1257–1275 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00775-3

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