Abstract
Flooding is a recurrent phenomenon in South Asian countries during the monsoon season. In the state of Bihar in eastern India, 55% of the geographical area is vulnerable to flood each year. Flood-tolerant fruit crops like banana (Musa sp.), mango (Mangifera indica), litchi (Litchi chinensis), and guava (Psidium guajava) provide an alternate source of income to farming communities in flood-prone areas where cereal crops would be damaged. Kee** in view the importance of fruit production as a mitigating option of flood risk, this study analyzed the trends in production of principal fruit crops of Bihar, i.e., banana, mango, litchi, and guava fruits. The 38 districts of Bihar, which were categorized into four zones (zone I, zone II, zone IIIA and zone IIIB), have been classified and mapped into high, medium, and low categories based on fruit productivity. For the study, annual time series data on fruit production and productivity in Bihar from 2001–2020 were used. The structural time series model (STSM), Kruskal–Wallis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used for analysis . A significant increasing trend in banana production has been observed and is predicted through the year 2025. No significant increasing trend was observed for mango, litchi, or guava production. Zone I in Bihar produced significantly more banana, litchi, and mango than the other three zones. Zone IIIB produced significantly more guava. The districts were mapped into high, medium, and low productivity-based categories. Hence, the study results will be useful for researchers and policy makers to identify low productive areas and increase productivity through better management practices to support sustainable income to farmers in flood-prone areas.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Director, ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, India for providing laboratory facilities and analytic support for completion of the research work. Thanks are also extended to Pintu Kumar, Patna for data compilation of the research work.
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Rohan Kumar Raman—Concept building, data collection, Methodology, analysis, manuscript writing; Dhiraj Kumar Singh, Sudip Sarkar, Abhay Kumar, Ujjwal Kumar—Data collection, methodology, editing, writing and formal analysis; Akram Ahmed and Jaspreet Singh—Editing and map**; Rakesh Kumar, Anirban Mukharjee, Surajit Mondal, Ashutosh Upadhyaya and P.S. Brahmanand—Review, editing, data collection and overall guidelines.
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R.K. Raman, D.K. Singh, S. Sarkar, J. Singh, A. Kumar, U. Kumar, R. Kumar, A. Ahmed, A. Mukharjee, S. Mondal, A. Upadhyaya and P.S. Brahmanand declare that they have no competing interests.
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Raman, R.K., Singh, D.K., Sarkar, S. et al. Scenario of Major Fruit Crops in Flood-Prone Areas in Eastern India: Case Study of Bihar. Erwerbs-Obstbau 65, 1139–1151 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00738-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00738-y