Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is one of the most invasive species and an efficient vector of several pathogens. RNA interference (RNAi) has been proposed as an alternative method to control mosquito populations by silencing the expression of genes that are essential for their survival. However, the optimal delivery method for dsRNAs to enhance an optimal RNAi remains elusive and comparative studies are lacking. We have, therefore, compared the efficiency of three non-invasive delivery methods to mosquito larvae: soaking, rehydration and nanoparticle ingestion. Each method was tested separately on four genes predicted to code non-essential proteins (i.e., collagenase-like, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase-like, yellow-like and venom serine protease-like) in order to be able to compare the importance of gene knock-down. All tested methods successfully downregulated mosquito gene expression. However, silencing efficiency strongly varies among methods and genes. Silencing (95.1%) was higher for Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase-like with rehydration and nanoparticle ingestion (61.1%). For the Venom serine protease-like, the most efficient silencing was observed with soaking (74.5%) and rehydration (34%). In contrast, the selected methods are inefficient to silence the other genes. Our findings also indicate that gene copy numbers, transcript sizes and GC content correlate with the silencing efficiency. From our results, rehydration was the most specific and efficient methods to specifically knock-down gene expression in Ae. albopictus larvae. Nevertheless, considering the observed variability of efficiency is gene-dependent, our results also point at the necessity to test and optimize diverse dsRNA delivery approaches to achieve a maximal RNAi efficiency.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Zenodo repository (https://zenodo.org/records/10559671).
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Acknowledgements
The Ph. D. of Maxime Girard was supported by a French ministerial fellowship delivered by the Ecology, Evolution, Microbiology and Modeling doctoral school of the University Claude Bernard Lyon 1. We thank the Master of Microbiology from the University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 in which Vincent Berthaud was involved during his traineeship. We acknowledge the FR BioEEnViS that provided us accesses to the DTAMB and SYMBIOTRON facilities to conduct RT-qPCR and RNAi experiments.
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This study was performed within the framework of the EC2CO CNRS project (Grant year: 2020, project name: Interasco, Grant holder: Guillaume Minard).
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MG designed the study under the supervision of AEH, CVM and GM. MG conducted the experiments with the help of VB, EM and LV as well as the advices of RR, AgV, AuV, AEH, CVM and GM. MG conducted the statistical analysis with the advice of GM. MG wrote the first draft of the manuscript and coauthors contributed to the redaction of the final version.
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Female mosquitoes were engorged on anesthetized mice to allow subsequent egg-laying. The protocol was reviewed by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, acceptance reference number: Apafis #31807-2021052715018315.
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Girard, M., Berthaud, V., Martin, E. et al. Evaluation of non-invasive dsRNA delivery methods for the development of RNA interference in the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. J Pest Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01779-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01779-w