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La thérapie par les plantes en Afrique: activités immunostimulantes des polysaccharides de la paroi végétale

Plant therapy in Africa: Immunostimulatory activity of cell wall polysaccharides

  • Article Original
  • Pharmacognosie
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

Dans cette revue, nous mettons en avant le potentiel thérapeutique des polysaccharides isolés à partir des parois végétales des plantes médicinales africaines. In vivo, la paroi végétale joue un rôle important dans le contrôle de la physiologie de la plante (croissance cellulaire, mécanismes de défense de la plante, morphologie de la plante). Principalement composée de polysaccharides comme la cellulose, les hémicelluloses ou de pectines, la relation entre la structure chimique de ces polysaccharides et leurs fonctions biologiques a fait l’objet de très nombreuses études. Des extraits de ces parois, principalement polysaccharidiques, isolés à partir de plantes sont également couramment utilisés comme « remède traditionnel» en Afrique. Dans cette revue, nous présentons quelques plantes médicinales africaines pour lesquelles la structure chimique de certains extraits polysaccharidiques, présentant souvent une activité immunomodulatoire, a été déterminée. Ce type d’étude et d’approche, encore marginale, gagnerait à être généralisé aux autres plantes médicinales africaines jusqu’alors peu étudiées. Cette propriété immunomodulatoire de certains extraits polysaccharidiques pourrait constituer un complément thérapeutique de choix chez des patients immunodéprimés ou immunodéficients.

Abstract

This review article aims to draw attention to therapeutic potential of plant cell wall polysaccharides isolated from African medicinal plants. Plant cell wall, or plant cell extracellular compartment, consists on various polysaccharides having different chemical structures. Among these polysaccharides, cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin polysaccharides are the predominant ones, and play an important role in controlling several biological processes like cell growth and morphogenesis, or defense mechanisms. The structure-function relationship of plant cell wall polysaccharides have been extensively studied, regarding their in vivo biological functions. Here, we have partially described the chemical structure of several biologically active hemicelluloses or pectin polysaccharides extracts, isolated from different African medicinal plants. It appears that these polysaccharides taken individually are able to modulate the activity of the mammal immune system in different manner, providing an interesting complementary therapy to immune deficient patients for instance. Further investigations on cell wall polysaccharide structure-biological activity relationship of the numerous unexplored medicinal plants are therefore strongly suggested.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de pharmacopée et de médecine traditionnelle (IPHAMETRA), BP 1935, Libreville, Gabon

    S. A. Angone

  2. Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland, South Africa

    E. Nguema-Ona

  3. Laboratoire glycobiologie et matrice extracellulaire végétale, UPRES EA 4358, IFRMP23, université de Rouen, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France

    A. Driouich

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  1. S. A. Angone
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  2. E. Nguema-Ona
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  3. A. Driouich
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Correspondence to S. A. Angone.

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Angone, S.A., Nguema-Ona, E. & Driouich, A. La thérapie par les plantes en Afrique: activités immunostimulantes des polysaccharides de la paroi végétale. Phytothérapie 8, 223–230 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-010-0567-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-010-0567-4

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