Résumé
Les cancers chez l’enfant résultent, comme les cancers de l’adulte, de processus multifactoriels multiétapes, et des facteurs environnementaux sont vraisemblablement impliqués. Ainsi, le rôle des radiations ionisantes, bien établi aux fortes doses, est discuté aux faibles doses. Les expositions aux pesticides sont évoquées dans plusieurs localisations de cancers. Les expositions au trafic routier et aux lignes à haute tension, le retard des premiers contacts avec des infections banales sont mis en cause dans le risque de leucémie. Les éléments de preuve restent cependant insuffisants pour donner lieu à des mesures de prévention spécifiques, et la compréhension du rôle de l’environnement et de ses interactions éventuelles avec des facteurs génétiques fait actuellement l’objet d’une forte activité de recherche internationale.
Abstract
Childhood cancers result, like adult cancers, from multifactorial multistage processes, where environmental factors are likely to be involved. Thus, the role of ionizing radiation, well established at high doses, is discussed at low doses. Exposures to pesticides are discussed in several cancer sites. Exposures to road traffic and high voltage lines, delayed first contact with common infections, are suggested as risk factors of leukemia. However, the evidences remain insufficient to give rise to specific preventive measures, and the understanding of the role of the environment and its possible interactions with genetic factors are currently the subject of strong international research activity.
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Clavel, J. Facteurs de risque environnementaux des cancers de l’enfant. Oncologie 18, 579–582 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10269-016-2673-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10269-016-2673-x