Abstract
Dipcadi (Scilloideae: Asparagaceae) is a genus of bulbous monocots with approximately 40 species, of which 13 occur in India. Species delimitation within the genus has been troublesome hindering a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. The most recent phylogeny of the subfamily Ornithogaloideae included six species of Dipcadi only from Africa. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Ornithogaloideae including 23 accessions comprising 13 recognized taxa (11 species and two varieties) of Indian Dipcadi. The phylogenetic analyses were based on nucleotide sequences of three plastid regions (rbcL, matK and trnL-F spacer) and one nuclear region (ITS). Pseudogaltonia clavata exhibited sister relationship to Dipcadi. Our combined nuclear + plastid dataset analyses revealed a monophyletic Dipcadi with five clades, Clade I-V. Clade I, II and III included mainly Indian species whereas Clade V included mostly African species. Clade IV comprised D. serotinum. Clade I included nine taxa including our newly described species, D. mukaianum. The new species was phylogenetically placed with D. erythraeum, D. saxorum and D. ursulae. Morphologically, the species resembled D. montanum and D. ursulae but differed in characters such as tepal cohesion, number of ovules per locule and foul-smelling flowers. Clade II and III included 11 and six taxa, respectively. D. erythraeum which has a native range from Egypt to western India was found in Clades I and V. The widespread Dipcadi species, viz. D. erythraeum and D. serotinum showed polyphyly however, the monophyly of Dipcadi is established. Our studies suggest that additional molecular markers (plastid as well as nuclear) should be tested for their taxonomy utility. Further work on the historical biogeography of Dipcadi on the subfamily Ornithogaloideae with more genetic data will yield insights how aridification of the landscape would have shaped the evolution of the geographical clades.
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Data availability
The DNA sequence data generated in the study are deposited in the NCBI repository. GenBank accession numbers for them are included in the paper.
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Acknowledgements
PES, SRY and MML are grateful to the Head, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur for providing the necessary research facilities. We are thankful to Ravikiran Kulloli (Arid Forest Research Institute Jodhpur, Rajasthan), Ashish Prabhugaonkar (Dhempe College of Arts and Science Panaji, Goa), Ravichandran Velliangiri and Kartik B. (BSI Southern region, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu), Suchandra Dutta and Hensel Rodrigues (R.D. & S.H. National College, Bandra West, Mumbai, Maharashtra), Arun Chandore (Arts, Science and Commerce College, Mokhada, Palghar, Maharashtra) and Harsh Singh (Lucknow) for the help rendered during plant collections. We also thank the editor (Dr. José Said Gutiérrez-Ortega) and reviewers for improving the content of the manuscript.
Funding
This research work was financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB), New Delhi vide sanction letter CRG/2020/000532–12 dated 25.03.2021. PES thanks DST-SERB for the Senior Research Fellowship (SRF). This research was also supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2016R1A6A1A05011910) and by the Institution of Eminence, University of Hyderabad (UoH-IoE-RC5-22–042) to SS.
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Shelke, P.E., Tamboli, A.S., Surveswaran, S. et al. Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction improves the taxonomic understanding of Indian Dipcadi (Asparagaceae) and reveals a new species from the bank of Hiranyakeshi River, Maharashtra, India. J Plant Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-024-01558-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-024-01558-9