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A Review of Geophysical Exploration Technology for Mine Water Disaster in China: Applications and Trends

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Abstract

Geophysical exploration can be effective in detecting and monitoring potential sources of coal mine water in-rushes and underground watercourses. Generally, in-mine seismic, DC resistivity, and transient electromagnetic methods are used for such purposes in China. However, such technologies can be influenced by many factors, such as roadways, fissures in the surrounding rocks, and various secondary conditions. Our review of current geophysical methods and tools concludes that further basic research should be carried out on geophysical field propagation in the whole space, data collection methods, and inversion methods appropriate for the special environment of coal mines. Moreover, borehole and roadway space should be designed to incorporate effective geophysical drilling, cross-hole exploration, drilling–roadway exploration, and roadway–roadway exploration. Future hydrogeophysical exploration research should focus on comprehensive geophysical methods combining multi-field synergistic observations with multi-field data integration and automatic monitoring as well as early warning systems for mine water disasters combining real-time processing and analysis of exploration equipment with Internet of Things technology.

摘要

地球物理勘探是探测、监测潜在突水水源和导水通道的有效方法。**普遍采用地震勘探、直流电法和瞬变电磁法地球物理勘探方法。然而,这些技术易受巷道、围岩裂隙和各类次生条件等影响。由现代地球物理方法和工具综述得出,未来地球物理勘探应该加**全空间地球物理场理论、数据采集和煤矿特殊环境反演方法的研究,充分利用巷道、钻孔空间开展孔中物探、跨孔物探、孔-巷物探和巷-巷物探等新方法的研究。未来水文地球物理勘探研究应该致力于多场协同观测与数据整合、自动监测与水害早期预警、勘探设备联网实时数据处理和分析等综合物理勘探方法研究。

Zusammenfassung

Die geophysikalische Erkundung stellt eine gute Möglichkeit dar, um unterirdischer Wasserläufe und potentielle Bereiche für Wassereinbrüche in Kohlebergwerken festzustellen und zu überwachen. Zu diesem Zweck werden in chinesischen Bergwerken üblicherweise seismische-, Transienten-Elektromagnetische- und Direktstromwiderstands-Verfahren angewendet. Diese Technologien können jedoch von zahlreichen Einflussfaktoren wie z.B. Stollen, Klüften im umgebenden Gestein und diversen sekundären Faktoren beeinflusst werden. Unsere Review aktueller geophysikalischer Methoden und Hilfsmittel legt den Schluss nahe, dass weitere Grundlagenforschung in den Bereichen Datenerfassungsmethodik und geophysikalische Feldausbreitung im Raum sowie Inversionsverfahren, welche sich für die besonderen Bedingungen in Bergwerken eignen, erforderlich ist. Darüber hinaus sollten Bohrlöcher und Stollen so angelegt und dimensioniert werden, dass geophysikalische Bohrungen, Querbohrungs-, Stollenbohrungs- und Stollen-Stollen-Erkundungen Berücksichtigung finden können. Zukünftige Forschung im Bereich hydrogeophysikalische Erkundung sollte auf gesamtheitliche geophysikalische Methoden fokussieren, welche Mehrfeld-synergetische Beobachtungen mit Mehrfeld-Datenintegration und automatischem Monitoring sowie Frühwarnsystemen für Wassereinbrüche verbinden, wodurch die Echtzeitverarbeitung und das Equipment für die Auswertung der Erkundungen mit der Internet der Dinge (Internet of Things) Technologie kombiniert werden.

Resumen

La exploración geofísica puede ser efectiva en detectar y monitorear fuentes potenciales de agua de mina de carbón en irrupciones y en cursos de agua subterráneos. Para tales propósitos en China se usan sísmica en mina, resistividad CC y métodos electromagnéticos transientes. No obstante, esas tecnologías pueden ser influidas por muchos factores, tales como fisuras en las rocas circundantes y varias condiciones secundarias. Nuestra revisión de los métodos geofísicos actuales y herramientas concluye que investigación básica debería ser aún realizadas sobre la propagación del campo geofísico en todo el espacio, métodos para colectar dotso y métodos de inversión apropiados para el ambiente especial de las minas de carbón. Sin embargo, el pozo de perforación y el espacio de la calzada deberían ser diseñados para incorporar perforación geofísica efectiva, exploración de agujeros, exploración de perforación-calzada y exploración de carreteras-carreteras. La futura investigación en exploración hidrogeofísica debería focalizarse en métodos geofísicos que combinen observaciones multicampo sinergéticas con monitoreo automático e integración de datos multi-campo tanto como sistemas de alerta temprana para desastres con agua de mina combinando procesamiento en tiempo real y análisis de equipamiento de exploración con tecnología `internet de las cosas`.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation and ShenHua Group Corporation Ltd for funding this research (U1261202). We also thank Anhui Huizhou of the Geology Security Institute and CCTEG **’an Research Institute for help in improving the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Geology and Environment, **’an University of Science and Technology, **’an, 710054, Shan **, China

    Tuo Lu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, CUMT, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiang Su, China

    Sheng-dong Liu & Bo Wang

  3. School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China

    Rong-xin Wu & **ong-wu Hu

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  1. Tuo Lu
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Correspondence to Tuo Lu.

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Lu, T., Liu, Sd., Wang, B. et al. A Review of Geophysical Exploration Technology for Mine Water Disaster in China: Applications and Trends. Mine Water Environ 36, 331–340 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-017-0467-z

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